Trial reportJournal of virology1999
Phase 1 evaluation of intranasal virosomal influenza vaccine with and without Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in adult volunteers.
Trial report in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intranasally-administered detoxified LTh(αK) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Contrasting effects of type I interferon as a mucosal adjuvant for influenza vaccine in mice and humans.Vaccine · 2009Trial
- Phase I evaluation of intranasal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine with nontoxigenic Escherichia coli enterotoxin and novel biovector as mucosal adjuvants, using adult volunteers.Journal of virology · 2006Trial
- Respiratory Vaccination with Hemagglutinin Nanoliposomes Protects Mice from Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Surface conjugation of EP67 to biodegradable nanoparticles increases the generation of long-lived mucosal and systemic memory T-cells by encapsulated protein vaccine after respiratory immunization and subsequent T-cell-mediated protection against respiratory infection.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Adjuvanted influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Current prospects and future challenges for nasal vaccine delivery.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Review
- Mucosal Vaccine Development Based on Liposome Technology.Journal of immunology research · 2016Review
- Preliminary evidence that the novel host-derived immunostimulant EP67 can act as a mucosal adjuvant.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2015Article
- Strategies for intranasal delivery of vaccines.Drug delivery and translational research · 2013Article
- Parenteral is more efficient than mucosal immunization to induce regression of human papillomavirus-associated genital tumors.International journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Nasal immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane protein decreases P. gingivalis-induced atherosclerosis and inflammation in spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- The delivery site of a monovalent influenza vaccine within the respiratory tract impacts on the immune response.Immunology · 2007Article
- Adherence-inhibitory intestinal immunoglobulin a antibody response in baboons elicited by use of a synthetic intranasal lectin-based amebiasis subunit vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Nasal immunization with Burkholderia multivorans outer membrane proteins and the mucosal adjuvant adamantylamide dipeptide confers efficient protection against experimental lung infections with B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease.Pharmaceutical research · 2006Review
- Reconstituted influenza virus envelopes as an efficient carrier system for cellular delivery of small-interfering RNAs.Gene therapy · 2006Article
- Immunization without needles.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virosomal vaccines were prepared by extracting hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase from influenza virus and incorporating it in the membranes of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine. Two intranasal spray vaccine series were prepared: one series comprised 7.5 micrograms of HA of each of three strains recommended by the World Health Organization and 1 microgram of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (HLT), and the other contained the HA without HLT. In addition, a third vaccine preparation contained 15 micrograms of HA and 2 micrograms of HLT. The parenteral virosomal vaccine contained 15 micrograms of HA without additional adjuvant. The immunogenicity of a single spray vaccination (15 micrograms of HA and 2 micrograms of HLT) was compared with that of two vaccinations (7.5 micrograms of HA with or without 1 microgram of HLT) with an interval of 1 week in 60 healthy working adults. Twenty volunteers received one parenteral virosomal vaccine. Two nasal spray vaccinations with HLT-adjuvanted virosomal influenza vaccine induced a humoral immune response which was comparable to that with a single parenteral vaccination. A significantly higher induction of influenza virus-specific immunoglobulin A was noted in the saliva after two nasal applications. The immune response after a single spray vaccination was significantly lower. It could be shown that the use of HLT as a mucosal adjuvant is necessary to obtain a humoral immune response comparable to that with parenteral vaccination. All vaccines were well tolerated.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.