ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
CpG DNA: a potent signal for growth, activation, and maturation of human dendritic cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 624 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mannose Targeting and Hydrophobic Tuning of Polycationic Vectors for Efficient Immunostimulatory CpG Delivery.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Immunopathological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of ocular graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Bone marrow transplantation · 2024Review
- CpG 684: an effective adjuvant for the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in mice.Future virology · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Induction of Immune Responses and Phosphatidylserine Exposure by TLR9 Activation Results in a Cooperative Antitumor Effect with a Phosphatidylserine-targeting Prodrug.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Development of a broadly active influenza intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with self-assembled particles composed of mastoparan-7 and CpG.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- NSAIDs affect dendritic cell cytokine production.PloS one · 2022Article
- Enhancing anti-tumour innate immunity by targeting the DNA damage response and pattern recognition receptors in combination with radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- Differential uptake of three clinically relevant allergens by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2021Article
- Translational Applications of Hydrogels.Chemical reviews · 2021Review
- CpG-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- A Guide to Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Cancers: From Basic Principles to Current Applications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Challenges Posed by Immune Responses to AAV Vectors: Addressing Root Causes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides induce plant defence in Arabidopsis thaliana.Annals of botany · 2020Article
- Quantification of CpG Motifs in rAAV Genomes: Avoiding the Toll.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Review
- Codon Modification and PAMPs in Clinical AAV Vectors: The Tortoise or the Hare?Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Article
- A Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework to Mediate Photodynamic Therapy and Deliver CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides to Enhance Antigen Presentation and Cancer Immunotherapy.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2020Article
- Adjuvant Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation on Cancer Immunotherapy Using Checkpoint Blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides in particular base contexts ("CpG motifs") are excellent adjuvants in rodents, but their effects on human cells have been less clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) form the link between the innate and the acquired immune system and may influence the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses. We evaluated the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone or in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) on different classes of purified human DCs. For primary dendritic precursor cells isolated from human blood, CpG oligonucleotides alone were superior to GMCSF in promoting survival and maturation (CD83 expression) as well as expression of class II MHC and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD54, and CD86 of DCs. Both CD4-positive and CD4-negative peripheral blood dendritic precursor cells responded to CpG DNA which synergized with GMCSF but these DCs showed little response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, monocyte-derived DCs did not respond to CpG, but they were highly sensitive to LPS, suggesting an inverse correlation between CpG and LPS sensitivity in different subsets of DCs. Compared with GMCSF, CpG-treated peripheral blood DCs showed enhanced functional activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and induced T cells to secrete increased levels of Th1 cytokines. These findings demonstrate the ability of specific CpG motifs to strongly activate certain subsets of human DCs to promote Th1-like immune responses, and support the use of CpG DNA-based trials for immunotherapy against cancer, allergy, and infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.