ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
The poly(A)-limiting element is a conserved cis-acting sequence that regulates poly(A) tail length on nuclear pre-mRNAs.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA vaccines: immunogenicity and quality characteristics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Measuring the tail: Methods for poly(A) tail profiling.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2023Review
- Review
- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Tales of Detailed Poly(A) Tails.Trends in cell biology · 2019Review
- Sequences encoding C2H2 zinc fingers inhibit polyadenylation and mRNA export in human cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Determinants and implications of mRNA poly(A) tail size--does this protein make my tail look big?Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2014Review
- Target specificity among canonical nuclear poly(A) polymerases in plants modulates organ growth and pathogen response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Identification of cytoplasmic capping targets reveals a role for cap homeostasis in translation and mRNA stability.Cell reports · 2012Article
- Nucleophosmin deposition during mRNA 3' end processing influences poly(A) tail length.The EMBO journal · 2011Article
- Genomewide characterization of non-polyadenylated RNAs.Genome biology · 2011Article
- Poly(A) tail length is controlled by the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein regulating the interaction between poly(A) polymerase and the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
- 3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA.Cell · 2008Article
- Radiation leukemia virus common integration at the Kis2 locus: simultaneous overexpression of a novel noncoding RNA and of the proximal Phf6 gene.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- mRNA with a <20-nt poly(A) tail imparted by the poly(A)-limiting element is translated as efficiently in vivo as long poly(A) mRNA.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2005Article
- The poly(A)-limiting element enhances mRNA accumulation by increasing the efficiency of pre-mRNA 3' processing.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2005Article
- U2AF modulates poly(A) length control by the poly(A)-limiting element.Nucleic acids research · 2003Article
- Position and sequence requirements for poly(A) length regulation by the poly(A) limiting element.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2001Article
- Regulation of alternative RNA splicing by exon definition and exon sequences in viral and mammalian gene expression.Journal of biomedical scienceReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most vertebrate mRNAs exit the nucleus with a 200+-residue poly(A) tail and are deadenylated to yield heterogeneous polymers of 50-200 adenosine residues on any given mRNA. We previously reported that Xenopus albumin mRNA and pre-mRNA have an unusually short, discrete 17-residue poly(A) tail and showed that regulation of poly(A) length is controlled independently by two cis-acting poly(A)-limiting elements (PLE A and PLE B) located in the terminal exon. The present study sought to determine the generality of this regulatory mechanism. Transferrin mRNA also has a discrete <20-nt poly(A) tail, and deletion mapping experiments identified an element homologous to the albumin gene PLE B within the terminal exon of the transferrin gene that conferred poly(A) length regulation on a globin reporter mRNA. Based on this similarity the PLE B sequence was used in a database search to identify candidate mRNA targets for regulated polyadenylation. Of the several hundred sequences identified in this manner we focused on HIV-EP2/Schnurri-2, a member of a family of genes encoding related zinc finger transcription factors. A striking feature of the PLE-like element in these genes is its location 10-33 bp upstream of the translation stop codon. We demonstrate that HIV-EP2 mRNA has a <20-nt poly(A) tail, for which the identified PLE-like sequence is responsible. These results indicate that the presence of a PLE can predict mRNAs with <20-nt poly(A) tails, and that nuclear regulation of poly(A) tail length is a feature of many mRNAs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.