ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry1999
Nuclear import of plasmid DNA in digitonin-permeabilized cells requires both cytoplasmic factors and specific DNA sequences.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming the nuclear barrier in nonviral gene therapy: mechanisms, carrier design, and translational perspectives on NLS peptide and DNA targeting sequence strategies.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- DNA-mimic for Specific Surface Functionalization of Zr-MOFs for Bacterial Targeting.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV-1 nuclear import is selective and depends on both capsid elasticity and nuclear pore adaptability.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Optimizing a linear 'Doggybone' DNA vaccine for influenza virus through the incorporation of DNA targeting sequences and neuraminidase antigen.Discovery immunology · 2024Article
- Active Nuclear Import of Mammalian Cell-Expressible DNA Origami.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Chemically modified nucleic acids and DNA intercalators as tools for nanoparticle assembly.Chemical Society reviews · 2021Review
- A cytoplasmic escapee: desmin is going nuclear.Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi · 2021Review
- Nucleocytoplasmic transport of intrinsically disordered proteins studied by high-speed super-resolution microscopy.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2020Article
- Monitoring method for transgene expression in target tissue by blood sampling.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Mechanisms of unprimed and dexamethasone-primed nonviral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2019Article
- Nucleic acid delivery to mesenchymal stem cells: a review of nonviral methods and applications.Journal of biological engineering · 2019Review
- Cytoplasmic transport and nuclear import of plasmid DNA.Bioscience reports · 2017Review
- The molecular mechanism for nuclear transport and its application.Anatomy & cell biology · 2017Review
- Role of Cell Membrane-Vector Interactions in Successful Gene Delivery.Accounts of chemical research · 2016Article
- Cationic Polymer Intercalation into the Lipid Membrane Enables Intact Polyplex DNA Escape from Endosomes for Gene Delivery.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2016Article
- Article
- Journey to the Center of the Cell: Current Nanocarrier Design Strategies Targeting Biopharmaceuticals to the Cytoplasm and Nucleus.Current pharmaceutical design · 2016Review
- Non-viral therapeutic approaches to ocular diseases: An overview and future directions.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although much is known about the mechanisms of signal-mediated protein and RNA nuclear import and export, little is understood concerning the nuclear import of plasmid DNA. Plasmids between 4.2 and 14.4 kilobases were specifically labeled using a fluorescein-conjugated peptide nucleic acid clamp. The resulting substrates were capable of gene expression and nuclear localization in microinjected cells in the absence of cell division. To elucidate the requirements for plasmid nuclear import, a digitonin-permeabilized cell system was adapted to follow the nuclear localization of plasmids. Nuclear import of labeled plasmid was time- and energy-dependent, was inhibited by the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, and showed an absolute requirement for cytoplasmic extract. Addition of nuclear extract alone did not support plasmid nuclear import but in combination with cytoplasm stimulated plasmid nuclear localization. Whereas addition of purified importin alpha, importin beta, and RAN was sufficient to support protein nuclear import, plasmid nuclear import also required the addition of nuclear extract. Finally, nuclear import of plasmid DNA was sequence-specific, requiring a region of the SV40 early promoter and enhancer. Taken together, these results confirm and extend our findings in microinjected cells and support a protein-mediated mechanism for plasmid nuclear import.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.