ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Differential regulation of Salmonella typhimurium type III secreted proteins by pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded transcriptional activators InvF and hilA.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed.
- The gut microbiota directs vitamin A flux to regulate intestinal T cell development.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Oligomeric assembly of the gatekeeper InvE orchestrates hierarchical type III protein secretion inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Microarray-Based Serotyping and Molecular Characterization of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enzymatic versatility of the salmonella effector SopB enables manipulation of host phosphoinositide signalling.Discover bacteria · 2026Review
- The gut microbiota directs vitamin A flux to regulate intestinal T cell development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- BCL2 regulates antibacterial autophagy in the intestinal epithelium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Detection ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Interactions between the AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator InvF of Salmonella Typhimurium, the RNA polymerase alpha subunit and the chaperone SicA.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anti-infective activities of long-chain fatty acids against foodborne pathogens.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- Harmine, an inhibitor of the type III secretion system ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Long-Distance Effects of H-NS Binding in the Control ofJournal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Endoribonuclease-mediated control of hns mRNA stability constitutes a key regulatory pathway for Salmonella Typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 expression.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Salmonella-based platform for efficient delivery of functional binding proteins to the cytosol.Communications biology · 2020Article
- HilD, HilC, and RtsA Form Homodimers and Heterodimers To Regulate Expression of theJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Molecular Mechanisms ofInfection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- Site-specific acylation of a bacterial virulence regulator attenuates infection.Nature chemical biology · 2020Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica encodes a type III protein secretion system within a pathogenicity island (SPI-1) that is located at centisome 63 of its chromosome. This system is required for the ability of these bacteria to stimulate cellular responses that are essential for their pathogenicity. Expression of components and substrates of this system is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the function of HilA and InvF, two transcriptional regulatory proteins encoded within SPI-1. In this study, we examined the functional relationship between these two regulatory proteins. We found that strains carrying loss-of-function mutations in either hilA or invF differ in their ability to stimulate cellular responses. An S. typhimurium hilA mutant strain retained considerable signaling capacity that resulted in significant levels of internalization into host cells. In contrast, introduction of a nonpolar loss-of-function mutation in invF rendered S. typhimurium significantly impaired in its ability to enter host cells. Consistent with these different phenotypes, we found that HilA and InvF control the expression of different genes. HilA regulates the expression of components of the type III secretion machinery, whereas InvF controls the expression of type III secreted proteins encoded outside of SPI-1. We also found that the expression of secreted proteins encoded within SPI-1 are under the control of both HilA and InvF. Our results therefore indicate that InvF and HilA differentially control the expression of components and substrates of the invasion-associated type III secretion system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.