ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999
Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: cross sectional study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 613 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors facilitating and hindering South Asian immigrant adults from engaging in exercise and physical activity - a qualitative systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Ethnic minority status as social determinant for COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, severity, ICU admission and deaths in the early phase of the pandemic: a meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior among South Asian adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in blood pressure in UK Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani, compared to White, populations: divergence of adults and children.Journal of human hypertension · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of maternal anthropometrics on pregnancy outcomes in South Asian women: a systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2018Pooled it
- The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review.Internal and emergency medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Disparities in type 2 diabetes prevalence among ethnic minority groups resident in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Diet and physical activity interventions to prevent or treat obesity in South Asian children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Pooled it
- Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani population: a systematic review.Obesity facts · 2013Pooled it
- Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2011Pooled it
- Does the pulse pressure in people of European, African and South Asian descent differ? A systematic review and meta-analysis of UK data.Journal of human hypertension · 2007Pooled it
- Exclusion and inclusion of nonwhite ethnic minority groups in 72 North American and European cardiovascular cohort studies.PLoS medicine · 2006Pooled it
- JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005Guideline
- Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data.Journal of human hypertension · 2002Pooled it
- Individual patient-centered target-driven intervention to improve clinical outcomes of diabetes, health literacy, and self-care practices in Nepal: A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- South Asians living in the UK and adherence to coronary heart disease medication: a mixed- method study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2019Trial
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125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare coronary risk factors and disease prevalence among Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis, and in all South Asians (these three groups together) with Europeans.
designCross sectional survey.
settingNewcastle upon Tyne.
participants259 Indian, 305 Pakistani, 120 Bangladeshi, and 825 European men and women aged 25-74 years.
main outcome measuresSocial and economic circumstances, lifestyle, self reported symptoms and diseases, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and anthropometric, haematological, and biochemical measurements.
resultsThere were differences in social and economic circumstances, lifestyles, anthropometric measures and disease both between Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis and between all South Asians and Europeans. Bangladeshis and Pakistanis were the poorest groups. For most risk factors, the Bangladeshis (particularly men) fared the worst: smoking was most common (57%) in that group, and Bangladeshis had the highest concentrations of triglycerides (2.04 mmol/l) and fasting blood glucose (6.6 mmol/l) and the lowest concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.97 mmol/l). Blood pressure, however, was lowest in Bangladeshis. Bangladeshis were the shortest (men 164 cm tall v 170 cm for Indians and 174 cm for Europeans). A higher proportion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi men had diabetes (22.4% and 26.6% respectively) than Indians (15.2%). Comparisons of all South Asians with Europeans hid some important differences, but South Asians were still disadvantaged in a wide range of risk factors. Findings in women were similar.
conclusionRisk of coronary heart disease is not uniform among South Asians, and there are important differences between Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis for many coronary risk factors. The belief that, except for insulin resistance, South Asians have lower levels of coronary risk factors than Europeans is incorrect, and may have arisen from combining ethnic subgroups and examining a narrow range of factors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.