ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology1999
Invasion and intracellular development of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in tick cell culture.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
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- An arthropod transporter IsOATP4056 exerts inhibitory effect on its interacting membrane protein to facilitate rickettsial pathogen survival in ticks.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Isolation, Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Propagation of anPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Uukuniemi virus infection causes a pervasive remodelling of the RNA-binding proteome in tick cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
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- McFarland Standards-Based Spectrophotometry Method for Calculating Approximate Multiplicity of Infection for an Obligate Intracellular BacteriumMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Arthropod autophagy molecules facilitate Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of Ixodes scapularis tick cells.Communications biology · 2025Article
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- Investigation of the Blood Microbiome in Horses With Fever of Unknown Origin.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tick Cell Culture Methods.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Propagation dynamics of Anaplasma marginale in a Brazilian tick cell line (RBME-6) derived from Rhipicephalus microplus.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
- Long-Term Protective Immunity againstVaccines · 2024Article
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- Molecular Detection ofVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Frankenbacteriosis targeting interactions between pathogen and symbiont to control infection in the tick vector.iScience · 2023Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human granulocytotropic ehrlichias are tick-borne bacterial pathogens that cause an acute, life-threatening illness, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Ehrlichias within neutrophil granulocytes that invade tick bite sites are likely ingested by the vector, to be transmitted to another mammalian host during the tick's next blood meal. Thus, the cycle of replication and development in the vector is prerequisite to mammalian infection, and yet these events have not been described. We report tick cell culture isolation of two strains of the HGE agent directly from an infected horse and a dog and have also established a human isolate from HL60 culture in tick cells, proving that the blood stages of the HGE agent are infectious for tick cells, as are those replicating in the human cell line HL60. This required changes to the culture system, including a new tick cell line. In tick cell layers, the HGE agent induced foci of infection that caused necrotic plaques and eventual destruction of the culture. Using the human isolate and electron microscopy, we monitored adhesion, internalization, and replication in vector tick cells. Both electron-lucent and -dense forms adhered to and entered cells by a mechanism reminiscent of phagocytosis. Ehrlichial cell division was initiated soon after, resulting in endosomes filled with numerous ehrlichias. During early development, pale ehrlichias with a tight cell wall dominated, but by day 2, individual bacteria condensed into dark forms with a rippled membrane. These may become compacted into clumps where individual organisms are barely discernible. Whether these are part of an ehrlichia life cycle or are degenerating is unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.