ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology1999
Transforming growth factor beta isoforms in human optic nerve heads.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cyclic stretch increases transglutaminase 2-mediated serotonylation of extracellular fibronectin in cultured optic nerve head astrocytes: a pilot study.Matrix biology plus · 2026Article
- CREB3L1 Modulates Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression and Proliferation in Glaucomatous Lamina Cribrosa Cells.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Targeting the Glutaminolysis Pathway in Glaucoma-Associated Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Compression injury regulates astrocyte morphology, metabolic function, and extracellular matrix modification in a 3D hydrogel.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetic engineering and the eye.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Exploring dysfunctional barrier phenotypes associated with glaucoma using a human pluripotent stem cell-based model of the neurovascular unit.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- The Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Topical Rho Kinase Inhibition in Experimental Mouse Glaucoma and Optic Neuropathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
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- TGFβ Signaling Dysregulation May Contribute to COL4A1-Related Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Article
- Induced Attenuation of Scleral TGF-β Signaling in Mutant Mice Increases Susceptibility to IOP-Induced Optic Nerve Damage.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The Fibro-Inflammatory Response in the Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Head.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Genome editing in the treatment of ocular diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Glaucoma Cupping.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Calcium-Signalling in Human Glaucoma Lamina Cribrosa Myofibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role of Decorin in the Lens and Ocular Diseases.Cells · 2022Review
- Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Engineering a 3D hydrogel system to study optic nerve head astrocyte morphology and behavior.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- TLR4 signaling modulates extracellular matrix production in the lamina cribrosa.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo determine if the isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are present in fetal, normal adult, and glaucomatous optic nerve heads.
methodsTo localise cells synthesising TGF-beta, optic nerve heads were stained using antibodies to TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3. To demonstrate synthesis, human optic nerve heads from fetal, glaucomatous, and normal age matched subjects were explanted, cultured overnight, and the culture supernatant was assayed for the presence of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 by bioassay. In addition, semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine the gene expression pattern of TGF-beta 2.
resultsImmunohistochemistry of glaucomatous samples revealed the presence of intense staining for TGF-beta 2 primarily in astrocytes, whereas TGF-beta 1 was localised to blood vessels. No TGF-beta 3 immunoreactivity was observed. There was little or no expression of TGF-beta in normal optic nerve heads. Optic nerve heads from glaucomatous eyes released 70-100-fold more TGF-beta 2 than normal age matched optic nerve heads. Fetal optic nerve heads released 90-100-fold more TGF-beta 2 than normal adult optic nerve heads. TGF-beta 1 was undetectable by bioassay in all samples tested. There was no apparent increase in TGF-beta 2 gene expression in glaucomatous and fetal eyes, suggesting post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate that TGF-beta 2 is produced in high levels in the fetal and glaucomatous optic nerve heads, perhaps by a mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation. TGF-beta may be important during development of the optic nerve head and, in glaucoma, TGF-beta 2 may be a mediator of astrocyte reactivation and extracellular matrix remodelling in the lamina cribrosa.
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