ArticleAmerican journal of public health1999
The duration and timing of exposure: effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health.
Article in American journal of public health, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intergenerational social mobility and leisure-time physical activity in adulthood: a systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Pooled it
- Social mobility and health gain: the combined effects of material conditions, psychological support, and social capital.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- "Associations between maternal perceptions of social support and adolescent weight status: A longitudinal analysis".SSM - population health · 2024Article
- The association between socioeconomic status and C-reactive protein in Bayesian perspective.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Association between Neighbourhood Deprivation Trajectories and Self-Perceived Health: Analysis of a Linked Survey and Health Administrative Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Childhood neighborhoods and health: Census-based neighborhood measures versus residential lived experiences.Health & place · 2022Article
- Socio-demographic and psychosocial predictors of salivary cortisol from older male participants in the Speedwell prospective cohort study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Associations between indicators of socioeconomic position and DNA methylation: a scoping review.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
- Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health during Childhood: A Longitudinal Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Parental Socioeconomic Timing and Child Obesity Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Environments favorable to healthy lifestyles: A systematic review of initiatives in Canada.Journal of sport and health science · 2018Review
- Life course models: improving interpretation by consideration of total effects.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Change in household income and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Adult Physiological Functioning: A Life Course Examination of Biosocial Mechanisms.Biodemography and social biology · 2017Article
- Mediating Role of Psychological Resources on the Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Current Health in the Community Adult Population of Japan.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2015Article
- Life course models for upper aero-digestive tract cancer.International dental journal · 2015Review
- Association of socioeconomic position with smoking and mortality: the contribution of early life circumstances in the 1946 birth cohort.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2014Article
- Health inequity in the Northern Territory, Australia.International journal for equity in health · 2013Article
- Education and physical health trajectories in old age. Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).International journal of public health · 2013Article
- Accumulated financial strain and women's health over three decades.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study investigated timing and duration effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on self-rated health at 33 years of age and established whether health risks are modified by changing SES and whether cumulative SES operates through education.
methodsData were from the 1958 British birth cohort. Occupational class at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was used to generate a lifetime SES score.
resultsAt 33 years of age, 12% of men and women reported poor health. SES at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was significantly associated with poor health: all ages except 16 years in men made an additional contribution to the prediction of poor health. No large differences in effect sizes emerged, suggesting that timing was not a major factor. Odds of poor health increased by 15% (men) and 18% (women) with a 1-unit increase in the lifetime SES score. Strong effects of lifetime SES persisted after adjustment for education level.
conclusionsSES from birth to 33 years of age had a cumulative effect on poor health in early adulthood. This highlights the importance of duration of exposure to socioeconomic conditions for adult health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.