ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology1999
Pentoxifylline inhibits superantigen-induced toxic shock and cytokine release.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug repurposing for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.Current pharmaceutical design · 2015Review
- Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production but fail to improve survival in experimental staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.BMC immunology · 2014Article
- Bacterial Toxins-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B.Microbiology spectrum · 2013Article
- The staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) family: SEB and siblings.Virulence · 2013Review
- Update on staphylococcal superantigen-induced signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions.Toxins · 2013Review
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a pathway less recognized for staphylococcal superantigen-induced toxicity.Toxins · 2012Review
- Therapeutic down-modulators of staphylococcal superantigen-induced inflammation and toxic shock.Toxins · 2010Review
- Proinflammatory mediators of toxic shock and their correlation to lethality.Mediators of inflammation · 2010Article
- Early gene expression changes induced by the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B and its modulation by a proteasome inhibitor.Physiological genomics · 2009Article
- Bacillus anthracis edema toxin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B effects in vitro: a potential protein therapeutic?Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Specific inhibitory action of anisodamine against a staphylococcal superantigenic toxin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), leading to down-regulation of cytokine production and blocking of TSST-1 toxicity in mice.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2005Article
- Pirfenidone blocks the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a critical cytokine that mediates the toxic effects of bacterial superantigens like staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Pentoxifylline, an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits endotoxemia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of TNF-alpha, was tested for its ability to inhibit SEB- and TSST-1-induced activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro and toxin-mediated shock in mice. Stimulation of PBMCs by SEB or TSST-1 was effectively blocked by pentoxifylline (10 mM), as evidenced by the inhibition of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and T-cell proliferation. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IFN-gamma in serum after an SEB or TSST-1 injection were significantly lower in mice given pentoxifylline (5.5 mg/animal) versus control mice. Additionally, pentoxifylline diminished the lethal effects and temperature fluctuations elicited by SEB and TSST-1. Thus, in addition to treating endotoxemias, the cumulative in vitro and in vivo data suggest that pentoxifylline may also be useful in abrogating the ill effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.