ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1999
Multiple resistant phenotypes of Candida albicans coexist during episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptation of Candida albicans to specific host environments by gain-of-function mutations in transcription factors.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)-Phenomena inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Biological assessment of ozone therapy on experimental oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2018Article
- Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations.Medical mycology · 2018Review
- Influence of cancer treatment on the Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavities of cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2016Article
- Mechanisms of Antifungal Drug Resistance.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2014Review
- Lipidomics and in vitro azole resistance in Candida albicans.Omics : a journal of integrative biology · 2013Article
- Effects of salivary protein flow and indigenous microorganisms on initial colonization of Candida albicans in an in vivo model.BMC oral health · 2012Article
- Fungal biofilm resistance.International journal of microbiology · 2012Article
- An MDR1 promoter allele with higher promoter activity is common in clinically isolated strains of Candida albicans.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2011Article
- Comparative evaluation of Etest and sensititre yeastone panels against the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method for testing Candida susceptibility to seven antifungal agents.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2007Article
- Impact of antimicrobial dosing regimen on evolution of drug resistance in vivo: fluconazole and Candida albicans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2006Article
- Interpretive breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida revisited: a blueprint for the future of antifungal susceptibility testing.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2006Review
- G484S amino acid substitution in lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (ERG11) is related to fluconazole resistance in a recurrent Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolate.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Article
- Oral lactoferrin treatment of experimental oral candidiasis in mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Article
- Direct isolation of Candida spp. from blood cultures on the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2003Article
- Functional similarities and differences between Candida albicans Cdr1p and Cdr2p transporters.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Article
- Drug susceptibilities of yeast cells are affected by membrane lipid composition.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2002Article
- In vitro low-level resistance to azoles in Candida albicans is associated with changes in membrane lipid fluidity and asymmetry.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2002Article
- Antifungal activities of two new azasordarins, GW471552 and GW471558, in experimental models of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mechanisms of resistance to azoles in Candida albicans, the main etiologic agent of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), include alterations in the target enzyme (lanosterol demethylase) and increased efflux of drug. Previous studies on mechanisms of resistance have been limited by the fact that only a single isolate from each OPC episode was available for study. Multiple isolates from each OPC episode were evaluated with oral samples plated in CHROMagar Candida with and without fluconazole to maximize detection of resistant yeasts. A total of 101 isolates from each of three serial episodes of OPC from four different patients were evaluated. Decreasing geometric means of fluconazole MICs with serial episodes of infection were detected in the four patients. However, 8-fold or larger (up to 32-fold) differences in fluconazole MICs were detected within isolates recovered at the same time point in 7 of 12 episodes. Strain identity was analyzed by DNA typing techniques and indicated that isolates from each patient represented mainly isogenic strains, but differed among patients. A Northern blot technique was used to monitor expression of ERG11 (encoding lanosterol demethylase) and genes coding for efflux pumps. This analysis revealed that clinical isolates obtained from the same patient and episode were phenotypically heterogeneous in their patterns of expression of these genes involved in fluconazole resistance. These results demonstrate the complexity of the distribution of the molecular mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance and indicate that different subpopulations of yeasts may coexist at a given time in the same patient and may develop resistance through different mechanisms.
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