ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999
Alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and stroke: results from a prospective cohort study of scottish men with 21 years of follow up.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 267 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health.The American journal of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol consumption and the risk of morbidity and mortality for different stroke types--a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2010Pooled it
- What is the predictive value of established risk factors for total and cardiovascular disease mortality when measured before middle age? Pooled analyses of two prospective cohort studies from Scotland.European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology · 2010Pooled it
- Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV.Journal of human hypertension · 2004Guideline
- How stable is the risk curve between alcohol and all-cause mortality and what factors influence the shape? A precision-weighted hierarchical meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2003Pooled it
- Alcohol consumption and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-based studies.International journal of impotence researchPooled it
- Impact of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol dependence on outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Article
- Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases-Do the Consumption Pattern and Dose Make the Difference?Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Six Types of Tea Reduce Acute Alcoholism in Mice by Enhancing Ethanol Metabolism, Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption, cardiac morphology, and function as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: insights form the UK Biobank Population Study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic status predicts the risk of stroke death: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Review
- Prevalence of Heavy Alcohol Use Among People Receiving Methadone Following Change to Methadose.Substance use & misuse · 2018Article
- Mind over matter. The impact of subjective social status on health outcomes and health behaviors.PloS one · 2018Article
- Alcohol consumption and future hospital usage: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Effect of major lifestyle risk factors, independent and jointly, on life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease: results from the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES).European journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- The mechanism by which moderate alcohol consumption influences coronary heart disease.Nutrition journal · 2015Review
- A 32-year longitudinal study of alcohol consumption in Swedish women: Reduced risk of myocardial infarction but increased risk of cancer.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2015Article
- Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on rat ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2014Article
- Were James Bond's drinks shaken because of alcohol induced tremor?BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2013Article
- Socioeconomic position and adolescent trajectories in smoking, drinking, and psychiatric distress.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo relate alcohol consumption to mortality.
designProspective cohort study.
setting27 workplaces in the west of Scotland.
participants5766 men aged 35-64 when screened in 1970-3 who answered questions on their usual weekly alcohol consumption.
main outcome measuresMortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and alcohol related causes over 21 years of follow up related to units of alcohol consumed per week.
resultsRisk for all cause mortality was similar for non-drinkers and men drinking up to 14 units a week. Mortality risk then showed a graded association with alcohol consumption (relative rate compared with non-drinkers 1. 34 (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.58) for 15-21 units a week, 1. 49 (1.27 to 1.75) for 22-34 units, 1.74 (1.47 to 2.06) for 35 or more units). Adjustment for risk factors attenuated the increased relative risks, but they remained significantly above 1 for men drinking 22 or more units a week. There was no strong relation between alcohol consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease after adjustment. A strong positive relation was seen between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality from stroke, with men drinking 35 or more units having double the risk of non-drinkers, even after adjustment.
conclusionsThe overall association between alcohol consumption and mortality is unfavourable for men drinking over 22 units a week, and there is no clear evidence of any protective effect for men drinking less than this.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.