ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06594107 (Faktorer För Uppkomst Och Förlopp Av Axial Spondylartrit), which is not on this map. Cited by 251 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Faktorer För Uppkomst Och Förlopp Av Axial Spondylartrit
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 993 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decreased PGE₂ content reduces MMP-1 activity and consequently increases collagen density in human varicose vein.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Effect of zileuton and celecoxib on urinary LTE4 and PGE-M levels in smokers.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2013Trial
- Levels of prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene E(4) are increased in the urine of smokers: evidence that celecoxib shunts arachidonic acid into the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2009Trial
- Prostaglandins: Key players in immunomodulation of the nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in oxidative stress and inflammation: Implications for poultry health and production.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Enzymes Genetic Variants Associated with Urticaria/Angioedema Induced by Cross-Reactive Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role of Prostaglandins as Major Inflammatory Mediators in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Modulation of Glutathione-S-Transferase by Phytochemicals: To Activate or Inhibit-That Is the Question.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic deletion of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 promotes imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Article
- A lipid metabolism related gene signature predicts postoperative recurrence in pancreatic cancer through multicenter cohort validation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulating arachidonic acid metabolism: a novel strategy to prevent colorectal inflammatory cancer transformation.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
- Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Controls Colonic Prostaglandin EInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prostaglandin ETemperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Review
- Exploration of the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and prostate carcinoma: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Targeting mPGES-2 to protect against acute kidney injury via inhibition of ferroptosis dependent on p53.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Specific prostaglandins are produced in the migratory cells and the surrounding substrate to promotebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Update on the pathological roles of prostaglandin ETranslational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Regulations of Tumor Microenvironment by Prostaglandins.Cancers · 2023Review
- The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 and -2: Emerging Targets in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (EC 5.3.99.3) is a member of a recently recognized protein superfamily consisting of membrane associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (the MAPEG family). Previous designations of the protein are PIG12 and MGST1-L1. PGE synthase was expressed in Escherichia coli, and both cytosolic and membrane fractions were prepared. Western blot analysis specifically detected a 15- to 16-kDa protein in the membrane fraction. Both fractions were incubated with prostaglandin H2 in the presence or absence of reduced glutathione. The membrane but not the cytosolic fraction was found to possess high glutathione-dependent PGE synthase activity (0.25 micromol/min/mg). The human tissue distribution was analyzed by Northern blot analysis. High expression of PGE synthase mRNA was detected in A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Intermediate level of expression was demonstrated in placenta, prostate, testis, mammary gland, and bladder whereas low mRNA expression was observed in several other tissues. A549 cells have been used as a model system to study cyclooxygenase-2 induction by IL-1beta. If A549 cells were grown in the presence of IL-1beta, a significant induction of the PGE synthase was observed by Western blot analysis. Also, Western blot analysis specifically detected a 16-kDa protein in sheep seminal vesicles. In summary, we have identified a human membrane bound PGE synthase. The enzyme activity is glutathione-dependent, and the protein expression is induced by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. PGE synthase is a potential novel target for drug development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.