ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Protective immunity of microsphere-based mucosal vaccines against lethal intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral and intranasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current progress, prospects, advantages, and challenges.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Nano and Microparticles as Potential Oral Vaccine Carriers and Adjuvants Against Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- A review of vaccine development and research for industry animals in Korea.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2012Article
- Intestinal M cells: the fallible sentinels?World journal of gastroenterology · 2007Review
- Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2006Review
- Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines with LT-K63, a nontoxic mutant of heat-Labile enterotoxin, as adjuvant rapidly induces protective immunity against lethal pneumococcal infections in neonatal mice.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Cross-protective immunity of mice induced by oral immunization with pneumococcal surface adhesin a encapsulated in microspheres.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin B subunit conjugate vaccines prepared by different methods for intranasal immunization.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Gram-Positive Pneumonia.Current infectious disease reports · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination of capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and subsequent creation of the first line of immunological defense in mucosa were examined. Mucosal as well as systemic antibody responses to PS were evoked by peroral or intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with PS-cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) conjugates entrapped in the alginate microspheres (AM). The bacterial colonization at the lung mucosa was most profoundly inhibited (<95%) by intranasal immunization with the naked conjugate (PS-CTB). The mice vaccinated orally with encapsulated conjugate [AM(PS-CTB)] showed significant reduction on the level of pneumococcal bacteremia (<99%). Eighty percent of the mice perorally immunized with AM (PS-CTB) were protected from lethal intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae, whereas more than 60% of the mice in the other control groups died of infection. Our novel approach may prove to be important in the development of a mucosal vaccine that will provide protection of mucosal surfaces of host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.