ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999
Universal HIV screening of pregnant women in England: cost effectiveness analysis.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Involving fathers in prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives--what the evidence suggests.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2012Pooled it
- Fathers and HIV: considerations for families.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2010Pooled it
- Ten Recommendations for Modelling Cost Effectiveness of Screening: Perspectives of an International Stakeholder Group.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Review
- Getting to Zero: A Demonstration Project of Partner HIV Testing in the Prenatal Setting in Chicago, Illinois.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Targeted HIV screening in the emergency department.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Review
- Sexual partner testing for HIV to eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission: a needs assessment in an urban hospital community clinic.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2017Observational
- HIV infection among young pregnant women in Brazil: prevalence and associated risk factors.AIDS and behavior · 2014Article
- Review
- Perinatal HIV transmission and the cost-effectiveness of screening at 14 weeks gestation, at the onset of labour and the rapid testing of infants.BMC infectious diseases · 2008Article
- A population-based survey of the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections, and associated risk factors among young women in Vitória, Brazil.AIDS and behavior · 2008Article
- Opt in or opt out: what is optimal for prenatal screening for HIV infection?CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2003Review
- AIDS policy modeling for the 21st century: an overview of key issues.Health care management science · 2001Review
- General practitioners' attitudes and beliefs on antenatal testing for HIV: postal questionnaire survey.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
- Pharmacoeconomics of influenza vaccination in the elderly: reviewing the available evidence.Drugs & aging · 2000Review
- Economic issues in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.PharmacoEconomics · 2000Review
- Use and cost of hospital and community service provision for children with HIV infection at an English HIV referral centre.PharmacoEconomics · 2000Article
- Cost effectiveness analysis of antenatal HIV screening in United Kingdom.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
- Routine antenatal HIV testing. Is justified in areas of low HIV prevalence.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the cost effectiveness of universal, voluntary HIV screening of pregnant women in England.
designCost effectiveness analysis. Cost estimates of caring for HIV positive children were based on the stage of HIV infection and calculated using data obtained from a London hospital between 1986 and 1996. These were combined with estimates of the health benefits and costs of antenatal screening so that the cost effectiveness of universal, voluntary antenatal screening for HIV infection in England could be estimated.
main outcome measuresLifetime, direct costs of medical care of childhood HIV infection; life years gained as a result of the screening programme; net cost per life year gained for different pretest counselling costs; and different prevalence rates of pregnant women who were unaware that they were HIV positive.
resultsEstimated direct lifetime medical and social care costs of childhood HIV infection were pound178 300 using a 5% discount rate for time preference (1995-6 prices). In high prevalence areas screening pregnant women for HIV is estimated to be a cost effective intervention with a net cost of less than pound4000 for each life year gained. For areas with comparatively low prevalence rates, cost effectiveness could be less than pound20 000 per life year gained, depending on the number of pregnant women who are unaware that they are infected and local screening costs.
conclusionsOur results confirm recent recommendations that universal, voluntary antenatal HIV screening should be implemented in the London area. Serious consideration of the policy should be given for other areas in England depending on local prevalence and screening costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.