ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences1999
Population biology of human onchocerciasis.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Case-control studies on the relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Pooled it
- Epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic areas: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2009Pooled it
- The effect of a high-fat breakfast on the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in healthy male subjects: a randomized phase I trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Trial
- Modelling the impact of mass drug administration with ivermectin or moxidectin on human onchocerciasis when there is sub-optimal response of parasites to treatment.Research square · 2026Article
- Modelling of onchocerciasis-associated skin and ocular disease and the impact of ivermectin treatment.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Risks Survey ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Modelling transmission thresholds and hypoendemic stability for onchocerciasis elimination.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Reliability of wing morphometrics for species identification of human-biting black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- AssessingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of short-term discontinuation of ivermectin-based chemoprevention on onchocerciasis transmission in endemic settings with long history of mass drug administration.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Persistence of onchocerciasis in villages in Enugu and Ogun states in Nigeria following many rounds of mass distribution of ivermectin.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Relationship between skin snip and Ov16 ELISA: Two diagnostic tools for onchocerciasis in a focus in Cameroon after two decades of ivermectin-based preventive chemotherapy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Reducing onchocerciasis-associated morbidity in onchocerciasis-endemic foci with high ongoing transmission: a focus on the children.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Bacteriome Diversity of Blackflies' Gut and Association withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Serological Evaluation of Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in the Bakoye and Falémé Foci, Mali.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Designing antifilarial drug trials using clinical trial simulators.Nature communications · 2020Article
- A general method for multiscale modelling of vector-borne disease systems.Interface focus · 2020Article
- Modelling exposure heterogeneity and density dependence in onchocerciasis using a novel individual-based transmission model, EPIONCHO-IBM: Implications for elimination and data needs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: another piece in the puzzle from the Mahenge mountains, southern Tanzania.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- Substantiating freedom from parasitic infection by combining transmission model predictions with disease surveys.Nature communications · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human onchocerciasis (river blindness) is the filarial infection caused by Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted among people through the bites of the Simulium vector. Some 86 million people around the world are at risk of acquiring the nematode, with 18 million people infected and 600,000 visually impaired, half of them partially or totally blind. 99% of cases occur in tropical Africa; scattered foci exist in Latin America. Until recently control programmes, in operation since 1975, have consisted of antivectorial measures. With the introduction of ivermectin in 1988, safe and effective chemotherapy is now available. With the original Onchocerciasis Control Programme of West Africa coming to an end, both the new African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control and the Onchocerciasis Elimination Programme for the Americas, rely heavily on ivermectin self-sustained mass delivery. In consequence, the need for understanding the processes regulating parasite abundance in human and simuliid populations is of utmost importance. We present a simple mathematical framework built around recent analyses of exposure- and density-dependent processes operating, respectively, within the human and vector hosts. An expression for the basic reproductive ratio, R0, is derived and related to the minimum vector density required for parasite persistence in localities of West Africa in general and northern Cameroon in particular. Model outputs suggest that constraints acting against parasite establishment in both humans and vectors are necessary to reproduce field observations, but those in humans may not fully protect against reinfection. Analyses of host age-profiles of infection prevalence, intensity, and aggregation for increasing levels of endemicity and intensity of transmission in the Vina valley of northern Cameroon are in agreement with these results and discussed in light of novel work on onchocerciasis immunology.
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