ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1999
Cytokine signals are sufficient for HIV-1 infection of resting human T lymphocytes.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 426 citations in OpenAlex.
- High concentrations of interleukin 15 in breast milk are associated with protection against postnatal HIV transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2009Trial
- Productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in peripheral blood predominantly takes place in CD4/CD8 double-negative T lymphocytes.Journal of virology · 2007Trial
- Innate immune imprints shape HIV-1 reservoir cell persistence during long-term antiretroviral therapy.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Engineering precision oncology: Targeting tumors and immune cells with lentiviral vectors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Discovery of actinators, actin-derived bioactive peptides that modulate cytoskeleton and actin-related cellular activities.Science advances · 2026Article
- Differential Effect of Cytokines on CD4+ T-Cell Activation, Metabolism, and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Efficient in vivo generation of CAR T cells using a retargeted fourth-generation lentiviral vector.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- A novel pseudotype derived of the canine distemper virus for adapter-mediated lentiviral transductionMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Modeling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) latency in primary rhesus macaque CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Divergent populations of HIV-infected naive and memory CD4+ T cell clones in children on antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Heat shock protein 90 is a chaperone regulator of HIV-1 latency.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Expression of HIV from a 1-LTR circular DNA in the absence of integration.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 uncoating requires long double-stranded reverse transcription products.Science advances · 2024Article
- Imaging HIV-1 Nuclear Import, Uncoating, and Proviral Transcription.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Synergizes with IL-2 to Induce Homeostatic Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Antiretrovirals to CCR5 CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing - A paradigm shift chasing an HIV cure.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Review
- Immunomodulation with IL-7 and IL-15 in HIV-1 infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2023Article
- Upstream Stimulatory Factors Regulate HIV-1 Latency and Are Required for Robust T Cell Activation.Viruses · 2023Article
- The HIV-1 capsid core is an opportunistic nuclear import receptor.Nature communications · 2023Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have been advocated to be effective vehicles for the delivery and stable expression of genes in nondividing primary cells. However, certain cell types, such as resting T lymphocytes, are resistant to infection with HIV-1. Establishing parameters for stable gene delivery into primary human lymphocytes and approaches to overcome the resistance of resting T cells to HIV infection may permit potential gene therapy applications, genetic studies of primary cells in vitro, and a better understanding of the stages of the lentiviral life cycle. Here we demonstrate that an HIV-1-derived vector can be used for stable delivery of genes into activated human T cells as well as natural killer and dendritic cells. Remarkably, a sizeable fraction of resting T cells was stably transduced with the HIV-1 vector when cultured with the cytokine interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-15, or, at a lower level, with IL-6, in the absence of any other stimuli. Resting T cells stimulated with these cytokines could also be infected with replication-competent HIV-1. To test the utility of this system for performing structure-function analysis in primary T cells, we introduced wild-type as well as a mutant form of murine CD28 into human T cells and showed a requirement for the CD28 cytoplasmic domain in costimulatory signaling. The ability to stably express genes of interest in primary T cells will be a valuable tool for genetic and structure-function studies that previously have been limited to transformed cell lines. In addition, the finding that cytokine signals are sufficient to permit transduction of resting T cells with HIV may be relevant for understanding mechanism of HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.