ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR1999
Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 274 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
274 citing papers in PubMed.
- Membrane vesicles associated antimicrobial peptides from PGPRPlant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Biocontrol Efficacy and Genomic Basis of Endophytic Bacteria AgainstLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Astragalus verus, a miracle in de-desertification or a surprising niche for ecologically adaptable bacteria?BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Three Novel Bacteriophages for the Biocontrol ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Some Like it Hot: Efficiency of the Type III Secretion System has Multiple Thermosensitive Behaviours in the Pseudomonas syringae Complex.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- State of the Art of Cyclic Lipopeptide-Membrane Interactions: Pore Formation and Bilayer Permeability.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Pangenome Analysis of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Reveals Unique Natural Products for Niche Adaptation.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics of native plasmids from plant pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025Article
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 Requires Seven Type III Effectors to Infect Nicotiana benthamiana.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Vesicular and non-vesicular extracellular small RNAs direct gene silencing in a plant-interacting bacterium.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.PloS one · 2025Article
- Friends and Foes: Bacteria of the Hydroponic Plant Microbiome.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pathogenicity, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic study ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Non-modular fatty acid synthases yield distinct N-terminal acylation in ribosomal peptides.Nature chemistry · 2024Article
- VmsR, a LuxR-Type Regulator, Contributes to Virulence, Cell Motility, Extracellular Polysaccharide Production and Biofilm Formation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Physiochemical interaction between osmotic stress and a bacterial exometabolite promotes plant disease.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Natural Products That Contain Higher Homologated Amino Acids.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2024Review
214 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronatine, syringomycin, syringopeptin, tabtoxin, and phaseolotoxin are the most intensively studied phytotoxins of Pseudomonas syringae, and each contributes significantly to bacterial virulence in plants. Coronatine functions partly as a mimic of methyl jasmonate, a hormone synthesized by plants undergoing biological stress. Syringomycin and syringopeptin form pores in plasma membranes, a process that leads to electrolyte leakage. Tabtoxin and phaseolotoxin are strongly antimicrobial and function by inhibiting glutamine synthetase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase, respectively. Genetic analysis has revealed the mechanisms responsible for toxin biosynthesis. Coronatine biosynthesis requires the cooperation of polyketide and peptide synthetases for the assembly of the coronafacic and coronamic acid moieties, respectively. Tabtoxin is derived from the lysine biosynthetic pathway, whereas syringomycin, syringopeptin, and phaseolotoxin biosynthesis requires peptide synthetases. Activation of phytotoxin synthesis is controlled by diverse environmental factors including plant signal molecules and temperature. Genes involved in the regulation of phytotoxin synthesis have been located within the coronatine and syringomycin gene clusters; however, additional regulatory genes are required for the synthesis of these and other phytotoxins. Global regulatory genes such as gacS modulate phytotoxin production in certain pathovars, indicating the complexity of the regulatory circuits controlling phytotoxin synthesis. The coronatine and syringomycin gene clusters have been intensively characterized and show potential for constructing modified polyketides and peptides. Genetic reprogramming of peptide and polyketide synthetases has been successful, and portions of the coronatine and syringomycin gene clusters could be valuable resources in developing new antimicrobial agents.
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