ArticleJournal of bacteriology1999
Growth phase-regulated induction of Salmonella-induced macrophage apoptosis correlates with transient expression of SPI-1 genes.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 injectisome reprograms host cell translation to evade the inflammatory response.Nature communications · 2025Article
- SanA is an inner membrane protein mediatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Unraveling the role of type 1 fimbriae in Salmonella pathogenesis: insights from a comparative analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum.Poultry science · 2023Article
- The Two-Component System CpxRA Represses Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 by Directly Acting on theMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- sRNA-mediated RNA processing regulates bacterial cell division.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Microtubule-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Independent of Microtubule-Associated Innate Immune Factor GEF-H1 in Murine Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- HilD induces expression of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium invasion factor, YobH, through a regulatory cascade involving SprB.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Phenotypic characterization of swine peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages and ex vivo infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019Article
- Methylthioadenosine Suppresses Salmonella Virulence.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Salmonella Typhimurium Infection of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Current protocols in microbiology · 2018Article
- HilD and PhoP independently regulate the expression of grhD1, a novel gene required for Salmonella Typhimurium invasion of host cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Review
- phoP, SPI1, SPI2 and aroA mutants of Salmonella Enteritidis induce a different immune response in chickens.Veterinary research · 2015Article
- Replication of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Bacterial recognition pathways that lead to inflammasome activation.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- Macrophage cell death upon intracellular bacterial infection.Macrophage · 2015Article
- The two-component system CpxR/A represses the expression of Salmonella virulence genes by affecting the stability of the transcriptional regulator HilD.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Invasive Salmonella has been reported to induce apoptosis in a fraction of infected macrophages within 2 to 14 h from the time of infection by a mechanism involving the type III secretion machinery encoded by the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we show that bacteria in the transition from logarithmic to stationary phase cause 90% of the macrophages to undergo phagocytosis-independent, caspase-mediated apoptosis within 30 to 60 min of infection. The ability of Salmonella to induce this rapid apoptosis was growth phase regulated and cell type restricted, with epithelial cells being resistant. Apoptosis induction was also abrogated by disruption of the hilA gene (encoding a regulator of SPI-1 genes) and by the expression of a constitutively active PhoPQ. hilA itself and a subset of SPI-1 genes were transiently expressed during aerobic growth in liquid medium. Interestingly, however, hilA was found to be required only for the expression of the prgH gene, while sipB, invA, and invF were expressed in a hilA-independent manner. The expression of SPI-1 genes and the secretion of invasion-associated proteins correlated temporally with the induction of apoptosis and are likely to represent its molecular basis. Thus, growth phase transition regulates the expression and secretion of virulence determinants and represents the most efficient environmental cue for apoptosis induction reported to date.
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