ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Cross-reactivity between the rheumatoid arthritis-associated motif EQKRAA and structurally related sequences found in Proteus mirabilis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The incidence of Proteus mirabilis infection increases in patients on treatment but does not trigger disease activity.Clinical rheumatology · 2006Trial
- Presence of autoantibodies targeting the shared epitope in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Nano-based Therapeutics for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Patents and Development.Recent patents on nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Infectious and Commensal Bacteria in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Role in the Outset and Progression of the Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Auto-Immune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immune dysregulation and pathogenic pathways mediated by common infections in rheumatoid arthritis.Folia microbiologica · 2023Review
- Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Mycobacteria.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Cells · 2020Review
- miPepBase: A Database of Experimentally Verified Peptides Involved in Molecular Mimicry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Slipping through the Cracks: Linking Low Immune Function and Intestinal Bacterial Imbalance to the Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Autoimmune diseases · 2015Review
- Microbial Infection and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of clinical & cellular immunology · 2013Article
- Autoimmunity in Rheumatic Diseases Is Induced by Microbial Infections via Crossreactivity or Molecular Mimicry.Autoimmune diseases · 2012Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis is linked to Proteus--the evidence.Clinical rheumatology · 2007Review
- Autoantibodies to brain components and antibodies to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are present in bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antiserum against the RA susceptibility sequence EQKRAA was shown to bind to a similar peptide ESRRAL present in the hemolysin of the gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis, and an anti-ESRRAL serum reacted with EQKRAA. There was no reactivity with either anti-EQKRAA or anti-ESRRAL to a peptide containing the EDERAA sequence which is present in HLA-DRB1*0402, an allele not associated with RA. Furthermore, the EQKRAA and ESRRAL antisera bound to a mouse fibroblast transfectant cell line (Dap.3) expressing HLA-DRB1*0401 but not to DRB1*0402. However, peptide sequences structurally related to the RA susceptibility motif LEIEKDFTTYGEE (P. mirabilis urease), VEIRAEGNRFTY (collagen type II) and DELSPETSPYVKE (collagen type XI) did not bind significantly to cell lines expressing HLA-DRB1*0401 or HLA-DRB1*0402 compared to the control peptide YASGASGASGAS. It is suggested here that molecular mimicry between HLA alleles associated with RA and P. mirabilis may be relevant in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.