ArticleClinical cardiology1999
Weight gain and insulin resistance during nicotine replacement therapy.
Article in Clinical cardiology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of smoking cessation, acute re-exposure and nicotine replacement in smokers on AIR inhaled insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2008Trial
- Impact of smoking status on incident hypertension in a Japanese occupational population.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Metabolic parameters in smokers undergoing smoking reduction.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2021Article
- Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality with Smoking Cessation, Review of Recommendations for People with Diabetes and Obesity.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- Article
- Effects of isolated tobacco alkaloids and tobacco products on deprivation-induced food intake and meal patterns in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Article
- Effects of nicotine on homeostatic and hedonic components of food intake.The Journal of endocrinology · 2017Review
- Metabolic effects of smoking cessation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2016Review
- Exploratory survey study of long-term users of nicotine replacement therapy in Danish consumers.Harm reduction journal · 2015Article
- The effect of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies on pancreatic beta cell function.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2012Article
- Chronic exposure to nicotine enhances insulin sensitivity through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-STAT3 pathway.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the cessation of smoking reduces the increased risk for ischemic heart disease, it is associated with marked weight gain and presumably insulin resistance, both of which heighten the risk of coronary heart disease. HYPOTHESIS: We investigated the isolated effect of nicotine on body weight and insulin resistance during smoking cessation.
methodsEleven healthy, middle-aged heavy smokers were studied. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an insulin-enhanced, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis. The subjects were studied at baseline (last day of smoking) (phase 1), at the end of the 6-week nicotine replacement program (phase 2), and after 8 weeks without smoking or nicotine replacement (phase 3).
resultsThe subjects started to gain weight during nicotine replacement (phase 2) (0.3 +/- 0.2 kg/week, mean +/- standard deviation) and continued to do so at a steady rate after nicotine replacement was stopped (0.2 +/- 0.2 kg/week) (p = 0.3). Insulin sensitivity decreased by 14 +/- 2.6% during nicotine replacement but increased by 16 +/- 5.1% (compared with phase 2) during phase 3, even though the weight gain continued (p = 0.047; 95% confidence interval: 0.05-5.73).
conclusionsSmoking cessation is associated with weight gain and improvement in insulin resistance. Nicotine is the main ingredient in cigarette smoke causing insulin resistance, but the withdrawal of another, unknown ingredient in cigarette smoke is responsible for the weight gain associated with smoking cessation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.