ArticleAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology1999
The prevalence and CT appearance of the levator claviculae muscle: a normal variant not to be mistaken for an abnormality.
Article in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESR Essentials: pseudolesions in head and neck-practice recommendations by the European Society of Head and Neck Radiology.European radiology · 2025Guideline
- A rare bilateral variant of the levator claviculae: a case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Atavistic and vestigial anatomical structures in the head, neck, and spine: an overview.Anatomical science international · 2023Review
- Anatomic variations of levator scapulae in a normal cohort: an MRI study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2017Article
- A novel variant of the cleidocervicalis muscle with clinical implications for nerve compression/entrapment.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2015Article
- Anatomy of the levator claviculae, with an overview and a literature survey.Anatomical science international · 2012Review
- Levator claviculae muscle: a case report.Cases journal · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeThe levator claviculae muscle is an infrequently recognized variant in humans, occurring in 2% to 3% of the population, and has rarely been reported in the radiologic or anatomic literature. The importance of this muscle to radiologists is in distinguishing it from an abnormality; most commonly, cervical adenopathy. After discovering this muscle on the CT scans of two patients during routine clinical examinations, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence and appearance of the muscle on CT studies.
methodsWe evaluated 300 CT scans that adequately depicted the expected location of the muscle. The most superior level in which the muscle could be identified and the apparent location of insertion on the clavicle were recorded for all subjects in whom the muscle was detected.
resultsSeven levator claviculae muscles were identified in six subjects (2%). It was bilateral in one, on the left in four, and on the right in one. It was identified up to the level of the transverse process of C3 in all cases. The insertion was the middle third of the clavicle for two muscles and the lateral third of the clavicle for the remaining five muscles.
conclusionBecause the levator claviculae muscle will most likely be encountered during a radiologist's career, it is important to recognize this muscle as a variant and not as an abnormality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10319965PMC7056035W2132668509What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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