ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
An imprinted, mammalian bicistronic transcript encodes two independent proteins.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mammalian Polycistronic mRNAs and Disease.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2017Pooled it
- Recommendations for the investigation of animal models of Prader-Willi syndrome.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2013Guideline
- Article
- Clinical Presentation, Genetics, and Laboratory Testing with Integrated Genetic Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms in Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The superpowers of imprinting control regions.Genome research · 2026Review
- Article
- Leaky ribosomal scanning enables tunable translation of bicistronic ORFs in green algae.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Differential Expression Analyses on Human Aortic Tissue Reveal Novel Genes and Pathways Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Onset and Progression.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Identifying key underlying regulatory networks and predicting targets of orphan C/D box SNORD116 snoRNAs in Prader-Willi syndrome.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Reply to: Identification of old coding regions disproves the hominoid de novo status of genes.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Leaky ribosomal scanning enables tunable translation of bicistronic ORFs in green algae.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Generation of isogenic models of Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome in CRISPR/Cas9-engineered human embryonic stem cells.PloS one · 2024Article
- Identifying key underlying regulatory networks and predicting targets of orphan C/D boxbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Hormonal Imbalances in Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang Syndromes Imply the Evolution of Specific Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Function in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Insulin secretion deficits in a Prader-Willi syndrome β-cell model are associated with a concerted downregulation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum chaperones.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Strand asymmetries across genomic processes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- UsingRNA biology · 2023Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Splicing Features of Adult Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The Diagnostic Journey of a Patient with Prader-Willi-Like Syndrome and a Unique HomozygousGenes · 2021Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Prader-Willi Syndrome Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Polycistronic transcripts are common in prokaryotes but rare in eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis of the SNRPN (SmN) mRNA in five eutherian mammals reveals a second highly conserved coding sequence, termed SNURF (SNRPN upstream reading frame). The vast majority of nucleotide substitutions in SNURF occur in the wobble codon position, providing strong evolutionary evidence for selection for protein-coding function. Because SNURF-SNRPN maps to human chromosome 15q11-q13 and is paternally expressed, each cistron is a candidate for a role in the imprinted Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and PWS mouse models. SNURF encodes a highly basic 71-aa protein that is nuclear-localized (as is SmN). Because SNURF is the only protein-coding sequence within the imprinting regulatory region in 15q11-q13, it may have provided the original selection for imprinting in this domain. Whereas some human tissues express a minor SNURF-only transcript, mouse tissues express only the bicistronic Snurf-Snrpn transcript. We show that both SNURF and SNRPN are translated in normal, but not PWS, human, and mouse tissues and cell lines. These findings identify SNURF as a protein that is produced along with SmN from a bicistronic transcript; polycistronic mRNAs therefore are encoded in mammalian genomes where they may form functional operons.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.