Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience1999
Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: correlations with cognitive performance.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 307 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
307 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 915 citations in OpenAlex.
- Magnitude of cognitive dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of six cognitive domains and the most frequently reported neuropsychological tests within domains.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2014Pooled it
- Sex differences in early sensorimotor processing for speech discrimination.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- An iEEG investigation on sex-specific differences in seizure duration.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between sedentary behavior types and mathematics ability mediated by externalizing and internalizing problems.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Benchmarking Multimodal Deep Fusion Strategies for Heterogeneous Neuroimaging and Cognitive Data Using a Controlled Sex Classification Task.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Direct Evidence for the Feedforward Neurovascular Coupling Mechanism in Humans During Task Onset: An EEG-fNIRS-TCD Multimodal Imaging Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating the Utility of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Neuroimaging-Based Dementia Diagnosis and Prognosis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Sex-dominant differences in resting-state EEG microstates among young adults at risk of smartphone addiction.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- In Vivo Quantification of White Matter Pathways in the Human Hippocampus.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and their association with Aβ pathology on PET in cognitively unimpaired individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Cortical Hemodynamic Responses During Interactive and Passive Tasks: An fNIRS Study Using the Nefroball System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cortical changes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus with mild cognitive impairment: a voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Charting the spatial transcriptome of the human cerebral cortex at single-cell resolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Short-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics alters cognition, immune, and metabolic markers in an apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and sex-dependent manner.Environmental research communications · 2025Article
- Alzheimer disease seen through the lens of sex and gender.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Differences in Gaze Behavior Between Male and Female Elite Handball Goalkeepers During Penalty Throws.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The X chromosome's influences on the human brain.Science advances · 2025Article
- Advancements in Frank's sign Identification using deep learning on 3D brain MRI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphisms in innate immune activation markers in predementia Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2025Article
247 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex-related differences in behavior are extensive, but their neuroanatomic substrate is unclear. Indirect perfusion data have suggested a higher percentage of gray matter (GM) in left hemisphere cortex and in women, but differences in volumes of the major cranial compartments have not been examined for the entire brain in association with cognitive performance. We used volumetric segmentation of dual echo (proton density and T2-weighted) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in healthy volunteers (40 men, 40 women) age 18-45. Supertentorial volume was segmented into GM, white matter (WM), and CSF. We confirmed that women have a higher percentage of GM, whereas men have a higher percentage of WM and of CSF. These differences sustained a correction for total intracranial volume. In men the slope of the relation between cranial volume and GM paralleled that for WM, whereas in women the increase in WM as a function of cranial volume was at a lower rate. In men the percentage of GM was higher in the left hemisphere, the percentage of WM was symmetric, and the percentage of CSF was higher in the right. Women showed no asymmetries. Both GM and WM volumes correlated moderately with global, verbal, and spatial performance across groups. However, the regression of cognitive performance and WM volume was significantly steeper in women. Because GM consists of the somatodendritic tissue of neurons whereas WM comprises myelinated connecting axons, the higher percentage of GM makes more tissue available for computation relative to transfer across distant regions. This could compensate for smaller intracranial space in women. Sex difference in the percentage and asymmetry of the principal cranial tissue volumes may contribute to differences in cognitive functioning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10234034PMC6782697W1835580293What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.