ArticleJournal of virology1999
Papillomavirus capsid protein expression level depends on the match between codon usage and tRNA availability.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selenium Homeostasis and Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2017Pooled it
- Codon Usage Pattern of Papillomavirus E6, E7, and L1 Genes Across Hosts.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Translational regulation of human papillomavirus mRNAs in carcinogenesis: old questions and new insights.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Why HPV16? Why, now, HPV42? How the discovery of HPV42 in rare cancers provides an opportunity to challenge our understanding about the transition between health and disease for common members of the healthy microbiota.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Molecular Engineering of a Mammarenavirus with Unbreachable Attenuation.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Pseudotyped Virus for Papillomavirus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Synonymous nucleotide changes drive papillomavirus evolution.Tumour virus research · 2022Review
- Codon usage of host-specific P genotypes (VP4) in group A rotavirus.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The Ramp Atlas: facilitating tissue and cell-specific ramp sequence analyses through an intuitive web interface.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2022Review
- Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 during Pandemic and Adaptation to the Host.Journal of molecular evolution · 2021Article
- Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Listeria-based cancer vaccine with codon-optimized HPV16 E7.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Effect of genome composition and codon bias on infectious bronchitis virus evolution and adaptation to target tissues.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Translational adaptation of human viruses to the tissues they infect.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Codon Usage and Adenovirus Fitness: Implications for Vaccine Development.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Reverse genetics approaches for the development of mammarenavirus live-attenuated vaccines.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Codon usage pattern and its influencing factors in different genomes of hepadnaviruses.Archives of virology · 2020Article
- Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Translation of mRNA encoding the L1 and L2 capsid proteins of papillomavirus (PV) is restricted in vivo to differentiated epithelial cells, although transcription of the L1 and L2 late genes occurs more widely. The codon composition of PV late genes is quite different from that of most mammalian genes. To test the possibility that PV late gene codon composition determines the efficiency of PV late gene expression in some cell types, synthetic bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) late genes were constructed with codon composition modified to resemble the typical mammalian gene. Expression of these genes from a strong promoter in Cos-1 cells was compared with expression of wild-type BPV1 late genes from the same promoter. Both unmodified and modified PV late genes were transcribed in Cos-1 cells, but only the codon-modified genes were translated. In vitro translation of wild-type but not synthetic BPV1 L1 mRNA was markedly enhanced by addition of aminoacyl-tRNAs. Codon composition thus limits BPV1 late gene translation in Cos-1 cells, and this limitation can be overcome by modification of the codon composition of the genes or by provision of excess tRNA. Replacement of codons in the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene with those frequently used in PV late genes did not alter gfp transcription in Cos-1 cells but almost abolished translation, supporting the hypothesis that the observed differences in efficiency of translation of modified and unmodified PV capsid genes were related to codon usage rather than mRNA structure. As tRNA populations vary within and between tissues in the same eukaryotic organism, we speculate that matching of tRNA availability to codon usage may be one determinant of the restriction of expression of PV late genes to differentiated epithelium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.