ArticleJournal of virology1999
Hormonal regulation of CD4(+) T-cell responses in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis in mice.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Disease burden and risk factors of myocarditis among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in China from 1990 to 2021 and projection of future disease burden trends].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and prognosis of pediatric acute myocarditis: a 5-year retrospective study in Shiraz, South of Iran running title: pediatric acute myocarditis in Iran.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Coxsackievirus B3 elicits a sex-specific CD8+ T cell response which protects female mice.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A viral-specific CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Meeting the Challenges of Myocarditis: New Opportunities for Prevention, Detection, and Intervention-A Report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Testosterone Promotes the Intestinal Replication and Dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an Oral Inoculation Mouse Model.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Do Androgens Modulate the Pathophysiological Pathways of Inflammation? Appraising the Contemporary Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Review
- Sex-Dependent Intestinal Replication of an Enteric Virus.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Testosterone-Mediated Endocrine Function and TH1/TH2 Cytokine Balance after Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate: By Sex Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Article
- Sex steroid signaling: implications for lung diseases.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2015Review
- c-FLIP-Short reduces type I interferon production and increases viremia with coxsackievirus B3.PloS one · 2014Article
- Sex differences in TLR2 and TLR4 expression and their effect on coxsackievirus-induced autoimmune myocarditis.Experimental and molecular pathology · 2013Article
- Sex-specific signaling through Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 contributes to survival outcome of Coxsackievirus B3 infection in C57Bl/6 mice.Biology of sex differences · 2012Article
- Sex differences and sex steroids in lung health and disease.Endocrine reviews · 2012Review
- Myocarditis Associated with Influenza A H1N1pdm2009.Influenza research and treatment · 2012Article
- Presumptive myocarditis with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction presentation in young males as a new syndrome. Clinical significance and long term follow up.Cardiovascular ultrasound · 2011Article
- The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 infection causes significant cardiac inflammation in male, but not female, B1.Tg.Ealpha mice. This gender difference in disease susceptibility correlates with selective induction of CD4(+) Th1 (gamma interferon-positive) cell responses in animals with testosterone, whereas estradiol promotes preferential CD4(+) Th2 (interleukin-4 positive [IL-4(+)]) cell responses. Differences in immune deviation of CD4(+) T cells cannot be explained by variation in B7-1 or B7-2 expression. Infection significantly upregulated both molecules, but no differences were detected between estradiol- and testosterone-treated groups. Significantly increased numbers of activated (CD69(+)) T cells expressing the gammadelta T-cell receptor were found in male and testosterone-treated male and female mice. In vivo depletion of gammadelta+ cells by using monoclonal antibodies inhibited myocarditis and resulted in a shift from a Th1 to Th2 response phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate that testosterone promotes a CD4(+) Th1 cell response and myocarditis by promoting increased gammadelta+ cell activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.