ArticleImmunology1999
Mechanism of mercury-induced autoimmunity: both T helper 1- and T helper 2-type responses are involved.
Article in Immunology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-Induced Membranous Nephropathy: Piecing Together Clues to Understand Disease Mechanisms.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Differential Modulatory Effects of Methylmercury (MeHg) on Ahr-regulated Genes in Extrahepatic Tissues of C57BL/6 Mice.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Nephrotic Syndrome Associated With Heavy Metals Exposure: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Mercury increases IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and intensifies coronary arteritis in an animal model of Kawasaki disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Expression Level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the Hippocampus of Thimerosal-Treated Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Mercury-associated glomerulonephritis: a retrospective study of 35 cases in a single Chinese center.BMC nephrology · 2019Article
- Thimerosal-induced apoptosis in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells occurs through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway.PloS one · 2012Article
- Differential immunotoxic effects of inorganic and organic mercury species in vitro.Toxicology letters · 2010Article
- Decay-accelerating factor 1 (Daf1) deficiency exacerbates xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity.Immunology · 2010Article
- Mercury exposure, serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies, and serum cytokine levels in mining populations in Amazonian Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Environmental research · 2010Article
- Mercury-induced membranous nephropathy: clinical and pathological features.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2010Article
- Mercury induces an unopposed inflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.Environmental health perspectives · 2009Article
- T-cell receptor signaling is mediated by transient Lck activity, which is inhibited by inorganic mercury.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2009Article
- Anti-metallothionein IgG and levels of metallothionein in autistic children with GI disease.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2009Article
- Mercury and silver induce B cell activation and anti-nucleolar autoantibody production in outbred mouse stocks: are environmental factors more important than the susceptibility genes in connection with autoimmunity?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2009Article
- Interleukin-10 in murine metal-induced systemic autoimmunity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Article
- Mercury exposure, malaria, and serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies in Amazon populations in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2004Article
- Lack of graft-versus-host-like pathology in mercury-induced autoimmunity of Brown Norway rats.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2003Article
- Xenobiotic metal-induced autoimmunity: mercury and silver differentially induce antinucleolar autoantibody production in susceptible H-2s, H-2q and H-2f mice.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2003Article
- Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells: a major role of mitochondrial pathway.Genes and immunity · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mercury can induce a systemic autoimmune disease in susceptible mouse strains. H-2s mice are particularly susceptible to mercury-induced autoimmunity and other mouse strains are more or less resistant. T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) dichotomy has been proposed for resistance or susceptibility, respectively. In the current study we show that mercury treatment induced a full autoimmune response in both C57BL/6 (H-2b) wild-type and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-deficient mice. Antibody production of all isotypes were induced, except that in IL-4-deficient mice there was no immunoglobulin E (IgE) and very low levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody synthesis. Autoantibodies of different specificities were produced. The granular pattern of all IgG subclasses deposits were detected in the kidneys. In contrast to mercury-treated H-2s seconds mice, we did not detect any anti-nucleolar autoantibodies in the sera of mercury-treated wild-type or IL-4-deficient mice. To further explore the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the mercury model, we performed anti-interferon-gamma antibody treatment in IL-4-deficient mice together with mercury treatment and found that the production of IgG2a and IgG3, but not IgG2b, antibodies was downregulated. This indicated that besides Th2-type cytokines, Th1-type and other cytokines were involved as well in mercury-induced autoimmune response. Thus, C57BL/6 mice with H-2b genotype are highly susceptible to mercury-induced autoimmunity, and the genetic susceptibility to mercury involves more than a predisposition of a Th1-or Th2-type response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.