ArticleJournal of clinical immunology1999
T-cell response to proinsulin and insulin in type 1 and pretype 1 diabetes.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity between insulin and proinsulin in the potency for insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- The dark side of insulin: A primary autoantigen and instrument of self-destruction in type 1 diabetes.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Proinsulin C-peptide is an autoantigen in people with type 1 diabetes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- T cell recognition of autoantigens in human type 1 diabetes: clinical perspectives.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2011Review
- Article
- Recognition of a subregion of human proinsulin by class I-restricted T cells in type 1 diabetic patients.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Mature high-affinity immune responses to (pro)insulin anticipate the autoimmune cascade that leads to type 1 diabetes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2004Article
- Acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in proinsulin 2-deficient NOD mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2003Article
- A disease-associated cellular immune response in type 1 diabetics to an immunodominant epitope of insulin.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from the selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells by a T cell-mediated autoimmune process. Insulin and proinsulin are the only known beta cell-specific autoantigens. Using short-term cultures of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we evaluated T-cell responses to proinsulin and to insulin in IDDM patients and individuals at risk for IDDM. A proliferative T-cell response to proinsulin was observed in only 2 of 26 recent-onset IDDM subjects and 2 of 12 long-standing IDDM subjects and was associated with a proliferative response to insulin. In contrast, 5 of 13 islet cell autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives of IDDM patients showed a proliferative response to proinsulin alone, 3 of 13 to insulin alone, and 1 of 13 to both insulin and proinsulin. Overall, 9 of 13 ICA-positive first-degree relatives responded to either proinsulin or insulin. We observed an inverse relationship between antiinsulin antibodies and T-cell responses to insulin in ICA-positive first-degree relatives but not in long-standing IDDM patients. Our data indicate that proinsulin is a major antigen in IDDM and, further, illustrate the difference between the autoimmune response to insulin and the immune response to exogenous insulin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.