ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Cytoskeletal effects induced by pet, the serine protease enterotoxin of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- EnteroaggregativeEcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Plasmid-encoded toxin ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Crystal structure of a subtilisin-like autotransporter passenger domain reveals insights into its cytotoxic function.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic Classification and Functional Review of Autotransporters.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Serine Protease Autotransporters TagB, TagC, and Sha from Extraintestinal PathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Secreted autotransporter toxin (Sat) induces cell damage during enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection.PloS one · 2020Article
- Serine Protease Autotransporters of theMicroorganisms · 2019Review
- Blowing epithelial cell bubbles with GumB: ShlA-family pore-forming toxins induce blebbing and rapid cellular death in corneal epithelial cells.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Article
- Curcumin Blocks Cytotoxicity of Enteroaggregative and EnteropathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Characterization of Diarrheagenic EnteroaggregativeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Identification of Subsets of EnteroaggregativeThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Pet serine protease from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli stimulates the inflammatory response activating human macrophages.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Subdomain 2 of the Autotransporter Pet Is the Ligand Site for Recognizing the Pet Receptor on the Epithelial Cell Surface.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Determinants of Proteolysis and Cell-Binding for the Shigella flexneri Cytotoxin, SigA.Current microbiology · 2015Article
- Shiga toxin 2a and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli--a deadly combination.Gut microbes · 2015Review
- Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli carrying supplementary virulence genes are an important cause of moderate to severe diarrhoeal disease in Mexico.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- The presence of the pAA plasmid in the German O104:H4 Shiga toxin type 2a (Stx2a)-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain promotes the translocation of Stx2a across an epithelial cell monolayer.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Pathogenesis of human diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC): current insights and future challenges.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously described enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains that induce cytotoxic effects on T84 cells, ligated rat ileal loops, and human intestine in culture. Such strains secrete a 104-kDa protein termed Pet (for plasmid-encoded toxin). We have also shown previously that the Pet toxin induces rises in short-circuit current and decreases the electrical resistance in rat jejunum mounted in an Ussing chamber. The nucleotide sequence of the pet gene revealed that Pet is a member of the autotransporter class of secreted proteins. Here we show that a concentrated supernatant of E. coli HB101 harboring the minimal pet clone pCEFN1 induces temperature-, time- and dose-dependent cytopathic effects on HEp-2 cells and HT29 C1 cells in culture. The effects were characterized by release of the cellular focal contacts from the glass substratum, followed by complete rounding of the cells and detachment from the glass. Staining of the Pet-treated cells with Live/Dead viability stain revealed that >90% of rounded cells were viable. Pet-intoxicated HEp-2 and HT29 cells stained with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin revealed contraction of the cytoskeleton and loss of actin stress fibers. However, the effects of Pet were not inhibited by cytoskeleton-altering drugs, including colchicine, taxol, cytochalasin D, and phallicidin. The Pet protein induced proteolysis in zymogram gels, and preincubation with the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride resulted in complete abrogation of Pet cytopathic effects. We introduced a mutation in a predicted catalytic serine residue and found that the mutant (Pet S260I) was deficient in protease activity and did not produce cytopathic effects, cytoskeletal damage, or enterotoxic effects in Ussing chambers. These data suggest that Pet is a cytoskeleton-altering toxin and that its protease activity is involved in each of the observed phenotypes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.