ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999
Association between type 1 diabetes and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination: birth cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccinations and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Diabetologia · 2016Pooled it
- Safety of Multiple Vaccinations and Durability of Vaccine-Induced Antibodies in an Italian Military Cohort 5 Years after Immunization.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Vaccinations and Autoimmune Diseases.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Childhood Vaccinations and Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?The EPMA journal · 2017Review
- Neurological and autoimmune disorders after vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) with a monovalent adjuvanted vaccine: population based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2011Article
- The multi-systemic nature of diabetes mellitus: Genotype or phenotype?North American journal of medical sciences · 2010Article
- Vaccination safety update.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2008Article
- Evaluating the safety of new vaccines: summary of a workshop.American journal of public health · 2005Article
- Factors influencing the uptake of childhood immunisation in rural areas.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2004Article
- Active immunization in the United States: developments over the past decade.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2001Review
- Recurrent skin peeling following Kawasaki disease.Archives of disease in childhood · 2000Article
- Association between type 1 diabetes and hib vaccine. Causal relation is likely.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
- Vaccines and their real or perceived adverse effects. Authors' conclusions are at odds with investigators'.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
- Vaccination and type 1 diabetes mellitus.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination and its timing on the risk of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children.
designCumulative incidence and relative risk of type 1 diabetes was compared among three birth cohorts of Finnish children: those born during the 24 months before the H influenzae type b vaccination trial, those in the trial cohort who were vaccinated at 3 months of age and later with a booster vaccine, and those in the trial cohort who were vaccinated at 24 months of age only. The probability of type 1 diabetes was estimated using regression analysis assuming that there were no losses to 10 year follow up and no competing risks.
settingFinland (total population 5 million and annual birth rate 1.3%). SUBJECTS: 128 936 children born from 1 October 1983 to 1 September 1985, and 116 352 children born from 1 October 1985 to 31 August 1987.
main outcome measuresProbability of type 1 diabetes among children vaccinated with H influenzae type b and non-vaccinated children.
resultsNo statistically significant difference was found at any time during the 10 year follow up in the risk of type 1 diabetes between the children born before the vaccination period and those vaccinated at the age of 24 months only (relative risk 1.01). The difference in the risk between the cohort vaccinated first at the age of 3 months and the cohort vaccinated at the age of 24 months only was not statistically significant either (1.06).
conclusionIt is unlikely that H influenzae type b vaccination or its timing cause type 1 diabetes in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.