ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1999
A novel mechanism of ion homeostasis and salt tolerance in yeast: the Hal4 and Hal5 protein kinases modulate the Trk1-Trk2 potassium transporter.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Harboring Starships: The Accumulation of Large Horizontal Gene Transfers in Domesticated and Pathogenic Fungi.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
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- The Ptk2-Pma1 pathway enhances tolerance to terbinafine inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Effect of halo-tolerance gene Hal5 on ethanol tolerance ofBBA advances · 2024Article
- Gene-by-environment interactions influence the fitness cost of gene copy-number variation in yeast.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Gene-by-environment interactions influence the fitness cost of gene copy-number variation in yeast.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Overexpression profiling reveals cellular requirements in the context of genetic backgrounds and environments.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- A role for ion homeostasis in yeast ionic liquid tolerance.microPublication biology · 2023Article
- Comparative chemical genomic profiling across plant-based hydrolysate toxins reveals widespread antagonism in fitness contributions.FEMS yeast research · 2022Article
- The NPR/Hal family of protein kinases in yeasts: biological role, phylogeny and regulation under environmental challenges.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Involvement of Protein Kinase CgSat4 in Potassium Uptake, Cation Tolerance, and Full Virulence inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Salt-stress adaptation of yeast as a simple method to improve high-gravity fermentation in an industrial medium.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Exomer Is Part of a Hub Where Polarized Secretion and Ionic Stress Connect.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Accessory Chromosomes inPhytopathology · 2020Review
- Tolerance to alkaline ambient pH in Aspergillus nidulans depends on the activity of ENA proteins.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- A Snf1-related nutrient-responsive kinase antagonizes endocytosis in yeast.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The regulation of intracellular ion concentrations is a fundamental property of living cells. Although many ion transporters have been identified, the systems that modulate their activity remain largely unknown. We have characterized two partially redundant genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HAL4/SAT4 and HAL5, that encode homologous protein kinases implicated in the regulation of cation uptake. Overexpression of these genes increases the tolerance of yeast cells to sodium and lithium, whereas gene disruptions result in greater cation sensitivity. These phenotypic effects of the mutations correlate with changes in cation uptake and are dependent on a functional Trk1-Trk2 potassium transport system. In addition, hal4 hal5 and trk1 trk2 mutants exhibit similar phenotypes: (i) they are deficient in potassium uptake; (ii) their growth is sensitive to a variety of toxic cations, including lithium, sodium, calcium, tetramethylammonium, hygromycin B, and low pH; and (iii) they exhibit increased uptake of methylammonium, an indicator of membrane potential. These results suggest that the Hal4 and Hal5 protein kinases activate the Trk1-Trk2 potassium transporter, increasing the influx of potassium and decreasing the membrane potential. The resulting loss in electrical driving force reduces the uptake of toxic cations and improves salt tolerance. Our data support a role for regulation of membrane potential in adaptation to salt stress that is mediated by the Hal4 and Hal5 kinases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.