ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)1999
Rate and severity of HIV-associated dementia (HAD): correlations with Gp41 and iNOS.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition.Medicinal research reviews · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in HIV and HCV: similarities, differences, and unknowns.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Review
- Morphine-potentiated cognitive deficits correlate to suppressed hippocampal iNOS RNA expression and an absent type 1 interferon response in LP-BM5 murine AIDS.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2018Article
- Inflammation alters AMPA-stimulated calcium responses in dorsal striatal D2 but not D1 spiny projection neurons.The European journal of neuroscience · 2017Article
- Neuronal Cell Death and Degeneration through Increased Nitroxidative Stress and Tau Phosphorylation in HIV-1 Transgenic Rats.PloS one · 2017Article
- Oxidative Stress during HIV Infection: Mechanisms and Consequences.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Review
- Identification of nitrated immunoglobulin variable regions in the HIV-infected human brain: implications in HIV infection and immune response.Journal of proteome research · 2014Article
- Decreased MEG beta oscillations in HIV-infected older adults during the resting state.Journal of neurovirology · 2013Article
- Recently infiltrating MAC387(+) monocytes/macrophages a third macrophage population involved in SIV and HIV encephalitic lesion formation.The American journal of pathology · 2011Article
- Links between progressive HIV-1 infection of humanized mice and viral neuropathogenesis.The American journal of pathology · 2010Article
- Methamphetamine abuse, HIV infection, and neurotoxicity.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2009Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases Induced by Human Retroviruses: A Review.American journal of infectious diseases · 2009Article
- Antioxidant enzyme dysfunction in monocytes and CSF of Hispanic women with HIV-associated cognitive impairment.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2009Article
- Article
- Longitudinal in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of infected and activated brain macrophages in a macaque model of human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis correlates with central and peripheral markers of encephalitis and areas of synaptic degeneration.The American journal of pathology · 2008Article
- Interactions of HIV and methamphetamine: cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity potentiation.Neurotoxicity research · 2007Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protein Tat induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated neurotoxicity.Neurobiology of disease · 2007Article
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal cell death in HIV dementia.Neurotoxicity research · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFifteen to thirty percent of AIDS patients develop some type of neurologic disorder during the course of their illness and the vast majority of these neurologic disorders will be HIV-associated dementia (HAD). These patients can exhibit varying degrees of severity and rates of progression of HAD. Neuropathologic variables that are associated with the rate of progression of HAD are not known. MATERIALS AND
methodsTissue was collected at autopsy from the Johns Hopkins University HIV Neurology Program. Seventy-one AIDS patients of this prospectively characterized population were followed until death to obtain information on dementia severity and the rate of neurological progression. Immunoblot analysis of immunological nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), HAM56, gp41, p24, gp120, and beta-tubulin was performed and the levels of iNOS, HAM56, gp41, and p24 were normalized to beta-tubulin and analyzed for significance by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple groups.
resultsWe have identified unique groups within this spectrum and designated them slow, moderate, and rapid progressors. Slow and moderate progressors' neurological progression occurs over a course of months to years, whereas the rapid progressors' disease shows rapid increases in severity over weeks to months. In the present study we demonstrate that the severity and rate of progression of HAD correlates significantly with levels of the HIV-1 coat protein, gp41, iNOS, and HAM56, a marker of microglial/macrophage activation.
conclusionThe severity and rate of progression of HAD correlates with indices of immune activation as well as levels of iNOS and gp41. There appears to be a threshold effect in which high levels of gp41, iNOS, and immune activation are particularly associated with severe (Memorial Sloan-Kettering score 3 to 4) and rapidly progressive HAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10203575PMC2230416W198793397What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.