ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
Tamoxifen inhibits acidification in cells independent of the estrogen receptor.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- PLGA nanoparticles restore acidic pH and degradative function to compromised lysosomes with Cy3-labeling providing enhanced tracking to lysosomes.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve inhibitor apilimod blocks hepatitis E virus infection.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
- First real-world evidence from the Emilia-Romagna region suggests tamoxifen protects breast cancer patients from COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sustained Lysosomal Delivery of Enhanced Cy3-Labeled Acid Nanoparticles Restores Lysosomal pH in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Astrocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- SRSF1 Is Crucial for Maintaining Satellite Cell Homeostasis During Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- The immunotoxin targeting PRLR increases tamoxifen sensitivity and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Weak base drug-induced endolysosome iron dyshomeostasis controls the generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial depolarization, and cytotoxicity.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ceramide accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Doxorubicin Formulation to Enhance Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Targeting.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Review
- Are sex hormones promising candidates to explain sex disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Limit Alphavirus Infection by Targeting the Viral Capping Enzyme nsP1.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Estrogen and Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 and Breast Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Knockdown of vps54 aggravates tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity in fission yeast.Genomics & informatics · 2021Article
- Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: Next steps towards appropriateness and health equity.Pharmacological research · 2021Review
- Repurposing of tamoxifen ameliorates CLN3 and CLN7 disease phenotype.EMBO molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- pHLARE: a new biosensor reveals decreased lysosome pH in cancer cells.Molecular biology of the cell · 2021Article
- Targeting the Early Endosome-to-Golgi Transport of Shiga Toxins as a Therapeutic Strategy.Toxins · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been reported to have numerous physiological effects that are independent of the estrogen receptor, including sensitization of resistant tumor cells to many chemotherapeutic agents. Drug-resistant cells sequester weak base chemotherapeutics in acidic organelles away from their sites of action in the cytosol and nucleus. This work reports that tamoxifen causes redistribution of weak base chemotherapeutics from acidic organelles to the nucleus in drug-resistant cells. Agents that disrupt organelle acidification (e.g., monensin, bafilomycin A1) cause a similar redistribution. Measurement of cellular pH in several cell lines reveals that tamoxifen inhibits acidification of endosomes and lysosomes without affecting cytoplasmic pH. Similar to monensin, tamoxifen decreased the rate of vesicular transport though the recycling and secretory pathways. Organellar acidification is required for many cellular functions, and its disruption could account for many of the side effects of tamoxifen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.