ArticleJournal of virology1999
Genetic divergence with emergence of novel phenotypic variants of equine arteritis virus during persistent infection of stallions.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic characterization of equine arteritis virus associated with outbreaks in the UK, 2019.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Titers, Prevalence, and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Local COVID-19 Outbreak and Following Vaccination.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Intrahost Selection Pressure Drives Equine Arteritis Virus Evolution during Persistent Infection in the Stallion Reproductive Tract.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits a Mucosal Antibody Response in the Reproductive Tract of Persistently Infected Stallions.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Equine Arteritis Virus Has Specific Tropism for Stromal Cells and CD8Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Allelic Variation in CXCL16 Determines CD3+ T Lymphocyte Susceptibility to Equine Arteritis Virus Infection and Establishment of Long-Term Carrier State in the Stallion.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- Experiences with infectious cDNA clones of equine arteritis virus: lessons learned and insights gained.Virology · 2014Review
- Equine arteritis virus.Veterinary microbiology · 2013Review
- Characterization of equine humoral antibody response to the nonstructural proteins of equine arteritis virus.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Curing of HeLa cells persistently infected with equine arteritis virus by a peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomer.Virus research · 2010Article
- Persistent equine arteritis virus infection in HeLa cells.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Development of a fluorescent-microsphere immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific to equine arteritis virus and comparison with the virus neutralization test.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2008Article
- Genetic typing of equine arteritis virus isolates from Argentina.Virus genes · 2007Article
- Insights into the selective pressures restricting Pelargonium flower break virus genome variability: Evidence for host adaptation.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Article
- Equine viral arteritis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2006Review
- Occurrence of genetic drift and founder effect during quasispecies evolution of the VP2 and NS3/NS3A genes of bluetongue virus upon passage between sheep, cattle, and Culicoides sonorensis.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Characterization of equine E-selectin.Immunology · 2001Article
- Article
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection.Journal of virology · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The persistently infected carrier stallion is the critical natural reservoir of equine arteritis virus (EAV), as venereal infection of mares frequently occurs after breeding to such stallions. Two Thoroughbred stallions that were infected during the 1984 outbreak of equine viral arteritis in central Kentucky subsequently became long-term EAV carriers. EAV genomes amplified from the semen of these two stallions were compared by sequence analysis of the six 3' open reading frames (ORFs 2 through 7), which encode the four known structural proteins and two uncharacterized glycoproteins. The major variants of the EAV population that sequentially arose within the reproductive tract of each carrier stallion varied by approximately 1% per year, and the heterogeneity of the viral quasispecies increased during the course of long-term persistent infection. The various ORFs of the dominant EAV variants evolved independently, and there was apparently strong selective pressure on the uncharacterized GP3 protein during persistent infection. Amino acid changes also occurred in the V1 variable region of the GL protein. This region has been previously identified as a crucial neutralization domain, and selective pressures exerted on the V1 region during persistent EAV infection led to the emergence of virus variants with distinct neutralization properties. Thus, evolution of the EAV quasispecies that occurs during persistent infection of the stallion clearly can influence viral phenotypic properties such as neutralization and perhaps virulence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.