ReviewClinical microbiology reviews1999
Clinical, microbial, and biochemical aspects of the exfoliative toxins causing staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic insights into the functional and metabolic versatility of gut microbiomeMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Community-acquired staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an immunocompetent adult.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- The virulence toolkit of Staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review of toxin diversity, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Multidrug-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Pediatric Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Complicated by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Steroid Abuse: A Case Report.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Vaginal colonization with virulent and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Ugandan women in Labour.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance ofFood science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Streptococcus taonis sp. nov., a novel bacterial species isolated from a blood culture of a patient.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Species Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-Food science of animal resources · 2023Article
- Clinical Impact ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of genotyping methods and toxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Neonates: Case Series and Overview of Outbreaks.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Adaptive Metabolism ofJournal of proteome research · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Structure Characterization and Inhibition Study of Exfoliative Toxin D FromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Antibiotic-resistant profile and the factors affecting the intravenous antibiotic treatment course of generalized Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: a retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The exfoliative (epidermolytic) toxins of Staphylococcus aureus are the causative agents of the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), a blistering skin disorder that predominantly affects children. Clinical features of SSSS vary along a spectrum, ranging from a few localized blisters to generalized exfoliation covering almost the entire body. The toxins act specifically at the zona granulosa of the epidermis to produce the characteristic exfoliation, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is still poorly understood. Despite the availability of antibiotics, SSSS carries a significant mortality rate, particularly among neonates with secondary complications of epidermal loss and among adults with underlying diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature spanning more than a century and to cover all aspects of the disease. The epidemiology, clinical features, potential complications, risk factors, susceptibility, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, investigations currently available, treatment options, and preventive measures are all discussed in detail. Recent crystallographic data on the toxins has provided us with a clearer and more defined approach to studying the disease. Understanding their mode of action has important implications in future treatment and prevention of SSSS and other diseases, and knowledge of their specific site of action may provide a useful tool for physiologists, dermatologists, and pharmacologists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.