SynthesisThorax1998
Health effects of passive smoking. 9. Parental smoking and spirometric indices in children.
Synthesis in Thorax, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Exposure to Primary Traffic Pollutants and Lung Function in Children: Cross-Sectional Study and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial of postnatal dexamethasone therapy in very low birth weight infants: effects on pulmonary outcomes at age 8 to 11 years.The Journal of pediatrics · 2007Trial
- Preterm Birth, Developmental Smoke/Nicotine Exposure, and Life-Long Pulmonary Sequelae.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The effect of 3-year parental smoking on asthma status of their children.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Respiratory Health, and Health-care Utilization Among US Adolescents.Chest · 2020Article
- Effects of second-hand smoking on lung functions in athlete and non-athlete school-aged children - observational study.African health sciences · 2020Observational
- Validation of the global lung initiative 2012 multi-ethnic spirometric reference equations in healthy urban Zimbabwean 7-13 year-old school children: a cross-sectional observational study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2020Observational
- Predicting Lung Health Trajectories for Survivors of Preterm Birth.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Review
- Second-hand smoke exposure in adulthood and lower respiratory health during 20 year follow up in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2018Article
- Does raising awareness in families reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure in wheezy children?Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2017Article
- Which early life events or current environmental and lifestyle factors influence lung function in adolescents? - results from the GINIplus & LISAplus studies.Respiratory research · 2017Article
- Sex-specific lung functional changes in adult mice exposed only to second-hand smoke in utero.Respiratory research · 2017Article
- Long term follow-up of a tobacco prevention and cessation program in cystic fibrosis patients.Adicciones · 2016Article
- Pulmonary effects of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among adolescent students in Juárez, Mexico.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Article
- Physical, behavioral, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2014Review
- Effects of tobacco smoke exposure in childhood on atopic diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2013Review
- Prenatal and childhood infections: implications for the development and treatment of childhood asthma.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2013Review
- The role of smoking in allergy and asthma: lessons from the ECRHS.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
- Prenatal nicotine exposure alters lung function and airway geometry through α7 nicotinic receptors.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA systematic quantitative review was conducted of the evidence relating parental smoking to spirometric indices in children.
methodsAn electronic search of the Embase and Medline databases was completed in April 1997 and identified 692 articles from which we included four studies in neonates, 42 cross-sectional studies in school aged children (22 were included in a meta-analysis), and six longitudinal studies of lung function development.
resultsIn a pooled analyses of 21 surveys of school aged children the percentage reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in children exposed to parental smoking compared with those not exposed was 1.4% (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9). Effects were greater on mid expiratory flow rates (5.0% reduction, 95% CI 3.3 to 6.6) and end expiratory flow rates (4.3% reduction, 95% CI 3.1 to 5.5). Adjustment for potential confounding variables had little effect on the estimates. A number of studies reported clear evidence of exposure response. Where exposure was explicitly identified it was usually maternal smoking. Two studies in neonates have reported effects of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking. Of five cross sectional studies that compared effects of perinatal exposure (retrospectively assessed) with current exposure to maternal smoking in later childhood, the three largest concluded that the major effect was in utero or neonatal exposure. Longitudinal studies suggest a small effect of current exposure on growth in lung function, but with some heterogeneity between studies.
conclusionsMaternal smoking is associated with small but statistically significant deficits in FEV1 and other spirometric indices in school aged children. This is almost certainly a causal relationship. Much of the effect may be due to maternal smoking during pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.