ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999
Twins and maternal smoking: ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2008Pooled it
- Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child blood pressure in a European cohort.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Postnatal Cardiovascular Consequences in the Offspring of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Smoking and Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2017Article
- Parental smoking in pregnancy and the risks of adult-onset hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2013Article
- Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure in late adolescence.Journal of hypertension · 2012Article
- Parental smoking during pregnancy and offspring bone mass at age 10 years: findings from a prospective birth cohort.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2011Article
- Prenatal factors for childhood blood pressure mediated by intrauterine and/or childhood growth?Pediatrics · 2011Article
- A methodology for the analysis of differential coexpression across the human lifespan.BMC bioinformatics · 2009Article
- Genes, maternal smoking, and the offspring brain and body during adolescence: design of the Saguenay Youth Study.Human brain mapping · 2007Article
- Anterior-posterior thigh diameter measured by two-dimensional sonography: indicator of fetal age at 18 to 28 weeks gestation ?Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2006Article
- Impact of parental smoking on diabetes, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women in the San Antonio Heart Study.Diabetologia · 2006Article
- Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with child adiposity and blood pressure.Obesity research · 2005Article
- Birthweight, rapid growth, cancer, and longevity: a review.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2003Review
- Combination of low birth weight and high adult body mass index: at what age is it established and what are its determinants?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2003Article
- Do genetic factors contribute to the association between birth weight and blood pressure?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2001Article
- Limitations of models used to examine the influence of nutrition during pregnancy and adult disease.Archives of disease in childhood · 2000Review
- Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: lifecourse study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
- Twins and fetal programming of blood pressure. Questioning the role of genes and maternal nutrition.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
- Association between birth weight and adult blood pressure in twins: historical cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the direct and indirect effects of being a twin, maternal smoking, birth weight, and mother's height on blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years.
designLongitudinal study. SUBJECTS: Cohort born in 1972-3.
settingDunedin, New Zealand.
main outcome measureBlood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years.
resultsCompared with singletons, twins had a systolic blood pressure 4.55 (95% confidence interval 1.57 to 7.52) mm Hg lower at age 9 after adjustment for direct and indirect effects of sex, maternal smoking, mother's height, socioeconomic status, and birth weight, as well as concurrent height and body mass index. Blood pressure in children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy was 1.54 (0.46 to 2.62) mm Hg higher than in those whose mothers did not. The total effect of birth weight on systolic blood pressure at age 9 was -0.78 (-1.76 to 0.20) mm Hg and that for mother's height was 0.10 (0.06 to 0.14) mm Hg. Similar results were obtained for systolic blood pressure at age 18. The total effect of twins, maternal smoking, and birth weight on diastolic blood pressure was not significant at either age.
conclusionsTwins had lower birth weight and lower systolic blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 than singletons. This finding challenges the fetal origins hypothesis. The effect of maternal smoking was consistent with the fetal origin hypothesis in that the infants of smokers were smaller and had higher blood pressure at both ages. This may be explained by pharmacological rather than nutritional effects. The total effect of birth weight on systolic blood pressure, after its indirect effect working through concurrent measures of height and body mass index was taken into account, was small.
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