ArticleBiophysical journal1999
Stresses at the cell-to-substrate interface during locomotion of fibroblasts.
Article in Biophysical journal, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 570 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
570 citing papers in PubMed, 1,291 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allowing caterpillar locomotion on any substrates: towards hybrid soft robots design.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- Transient Cytoskeletal Anisotropy Encodes Short-Term Mechanical Memory in Glioblastoma Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Optical Detection of Cellular Signals at Material Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- SynNotch Receptors for Visualizing Immunoreceptor Force Transmission and Downstream Signaling In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- 3D Contractile and Remodeling Behaviors of Functionally Normal and Prolapsed Human Mitral Valve Interstitial Cells.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- SynNotch receptors for visualizing immunoreceptor force transmission and downstream signaling in vivo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A computational approach that accounts for hydrogel compressibility in cellular traction force microscopy.Computers in biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Composition Matters: Collagen vs Polyacrylamide Modulates Distinct Trabecular Meshwork Cell Traction.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Basigin (CD147) and calpain 4 (CapnS1) are partners in the generation of traction force but not in mechanosensing.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Concurrent jamming and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions during airway basal stem cell differentiation.iScience · 2026Article
- Crumbs2 acts as a dynamic cellular sensor triggering stable podocyte cell-matrix anchorage.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Using tunable hydrogel microparticles to measure cellular forces.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Double Sided Traction Force Microscopy: A Method to Confine Cells for Physiologically Relevant Force Measurements.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Mechanomedicine.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Cell shape and maturation impacts α-actinin-2 tension in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Guidance for 3D traction force microscopy today and in the next decade.Nature methods · 2026Review
- Mechanoimmunology: past, present, and future perspectives.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanical communication and function regulation of immune cells.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- A Versatile Three Dimensional Traction Force Microscopy Framework for Uncovering the Mechanics of Bio-Adhesion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Measurement of tissue viscosity to relate force and motion in collective cell migration.Soft matter · 2026Article
510 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent technological improvements in the elastic substrate method make it possible to produce spatially resolved measurements of the tractions exerted by single motile cells. In this study we have applied these developments to produce maps of the tractions exerted by 3T3 fibroblasts during steady locomotion. The resulting images have a spatial resolution of approximately 5 micrometers and a maximum intensity of approximately 10(2) kdyn/cm2 (10(4) pN/micrometers2). We find that the propulsive thrust for fibroblast locomotion, approximately 0.2 dyn, is imparted to the substratum within 15 micrometers of the leading edge. These observations demonstrate that the lamellipodium of the fibroblast is able to generate intense traction stress. The cell body and posterior seem to be mechanically passive structures pulled forward entirely by this action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.