ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
Inhibition of growth, production of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), and expression of IGF-II mRNA of human cancer cell lines by antagonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone in vitro.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- GHRH and reproductive systems: Mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonists Increase Radiosensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Receptor Splice Variants in Primary Human Endometrial Carcinomas: Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone suppress in vivo tumor growth and gene expression in triple negative breast cancers.Oncotarget · 2012Article
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) overexpression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma correlates with poor survival.BMC cancer · 2010Article
- Disease evidence for IGFBP-2 as a key player in prostate cancer progression and development of osteosclerotic lesions.American journal of translational research · 2009Article
- Integrative genomic data mining for discovery of potential blood-borne biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer.PloS one · 2008Article
- The expression of the pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor and its splice variants in normal and neoplastic human tissues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Effective treatment of experimental human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Ligand-dependent and -independent effects of splice variant 1 of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
- The expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and splice variants of its receptor in human gastroenteropancreatic carcinomas.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- Antagonism of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) leads to reduced proliferation and apoptosis in MDA231 breast cancer cells.Endocrine · 2002Article
- Expression of a splice variant of the receptor for GHRH in 3T3 fibroblasts activates cell proliferation responses to GHRH analogs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- Isolation and sequencing of cDNAs for splice variants of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors from human cancers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Human renal cell carcinoma expresses distinct binding sites for growth hormone-releasing hormone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Antagonistic actions of analogs related to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) on receptors for GHRH and vasoactive intestinal peptide on rat pituitary and pineal cells in vitro.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Antitumorigenic actions of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone: an autocrine growth factor for small cell lung carcinoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1999Article
- Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone inhibit the growth of U-87MG human glioblastoma in nude mice.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antagonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) suppress growth of various tumors in vivo. This effect is exerted in part through inhibition of the GHRH-GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis. Nevertheless, because autocrine/paracrine control of proliferation by IGF-II also is a major factor in many tumors, the interference with this growth-stimulating pathway would offer another approach to tumor control. We thus investigated whether GHRH antagonists MZ-4-71 and MZ-5-156 also act on the tumor cells directly by blocking the production of IGF-II. An increase in the IGF-II concentration in the media during culture was found in 13 of 26 human cancer cell lines tested. Reverse transcription-PCR studies on 8 of these cell lines showed that they also expressed IGF-II mRNA. Antagonists of GHRH significantly inhibited the rate of proliferation of mammary (MDA-MB-468 and ZR-75-1), prostatic (PC-3 and DU-145), and pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2, SW-1990, and Capan-2) cancer cell lines as shown by colorimetric and [3H]thymidine incorporation tests and reduced the expression of IGF-II mRNA in the cells and the concentration of IGF-II secreted into the culture medium. Growth and IGF-II production of lung (H-23 and H-69) and ovarian (OV-1063) cancer cells that express mRNA for IGF-II and excrete large quantities of IGF-II also was marginally suppressed by the antagonists. These findings suggest that antagonistic analogs of GHRH can inhibit growth of certain tumors not only by inhibiting the GHRH-GH-IGF-I axis, but also by reducing the IGF-II production and by interfering with the autocrine regulatory pathway.
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