ArticleGut1999
Bacteroides fragilis toxin 2 damages human colonic mucosa in vitro.
Article in Gut, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systemic review of the role of enterotoxic Bacteroides fragilis in colorectal cancer.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Pooled it
- Outer membrane vesicles secreted byInfection and immunity · 2026Article
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- Applying principles of vaccine development to oncomicrobial vaccines.Blood advances · 2025Review
- Advances in gut microbiota-related treatment strategies for managing colorectal cancer in humans.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
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- Higher Prevalence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Peptide Sequence Region That is Essential for the Interactions of the Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Metalloproteinase II with E-cadherin.Journal of proteolysis · 2014Article
- Structural and functional diversity of metalloproteinases encoded by the Bacteroides fragilis pathogenicity island.The FEBS journal · 2014Article
- Substrate cleavage profiling suggests a distinct function of Bacteroides fragilis metalloproteinases (fragilysin and metalloproteinase II) at the microbiome-inflammation-cancer interface.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Perspective: alpha-bugs, their microbial partners, and the link to colon cancer.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Cytoskeletal regulation of epithelial barrier function during inflammation.The American journal of pathology · 2010Review
- Induction of persistent colitis by a human commensal, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, in wild-type C57BL/6 mice.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: a rogue among symbiotes.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2009Review
- Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis.Current infectious disease reports · 2008Article
- Bacteroides fragilis toxin stimulates intestinal epithelial cell shedding and gamma-secretase-dependent E-cadherin cleavage.Journal of cell science · 2007Article
- The Bacteroides fragilis toxin binds to a specific intestinal epithelial cell receptor.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Evaluation of the pathogenicity of the Bacteroides fragilis toxin gene subtypes in gnotobiotic mice.Current microbiology · 2006Article
- Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induces intestinal epithelial cell secretion of interleukin-8 through mitogen-activated protein kinases and a tyrosine kinase-regulated nuclear factor-kappaB pathway.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStrains of Bacteroides fragilis producing a 20 kDa protein toxin (B fragilis toxin (BFT) or fragilysin) are associated with diarrhoea in animals and humans. Although in vitro results indicate that BFT damages intestinal epithelial cells in culture, the effects of BFT on native human colon are not known.
aimsTo examine the electrophysiological and morphological effects of purified BFT-2 on human colonic mucosa in vitro.
methodsFor resistance (R) measurements, colonic mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers was exposed to luminal or serosal BFT-2 (1.25-10 nM) and after four hours morphological damage was measured on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections using morphometry. F actin distribution was assessed using confocal microscopy.
resultsSerosal BFT-2 for four hours was four-, two-, seven-, and threefold more potent than luminal BFT-2 in decreasing resistance, increasing epithelial 3H-mannitol permeability, and damaging crypt and surface colonocytes, respectively (p<0.05). Confocal microscopy showed reduced colonocyte F actin staining intensity after exposure to BFT-2.
conclusionsBFT-2 increases human colonic permeability and damages human colonic epithelial cells in vitro. These effects may be important in the development of diarrhoea and intestinal inflammation caused by B fragilis in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.