ArticleJournal of virology1999
R region sequences in the long terminal repeat of a murine retrovirus specifically increase expression of unspliced RNAs.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced transcriptional insulation of lentiviral vectors using "sequence-upgraded polyA long terminal repeats" or "supA-LTRs".Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- NXF1 and CRM1 nuclear export pathways orchestrate nuclear export, translation and packaging of murine leukaemia retrovirus unspliced RNA.RNA biology · 2020Article
- Role of Cysteines in Stabilizing the Randomized Receptor Binding Domains within Feline Leukemia Virus Envelope Proteins.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Review
- The U3 region of Moloney murine leukemia virus contains position-independent cis-acting sequences involved in the nuclear export of full-length viral transcripts.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Murine leukemia virus uses NXF1 for nuclear export of spliced and unspliced viral transcripts.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- MLV requires Tap/NXF1-dependent pathway to export its unspliced RNA to the cytoplasm and to express both spliced and unspliced RNAs.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Gammaretrovirus mRNA expression is mediated by a novel, bipartite post-transcriptional regulatory element.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- The 0.3-kb fragment containing the R-U5-5'leader sequence of Friend murine leukemia virus influences the level of protein expression from spliced mRNA.Virology journal · 2013Article
- Evolutionary conservation of orthoretroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) and ab initio detection of single LTRs in genomic data.PloS one · 2009Article
- Adaptive evolution of a tagged chimeric gammaretrovirus: identification of novel cis-acting elements that modulate splicing.Journal of molecular biology · 2007Article
- Tissue- and tumor-specific targeting of murine leukemia virus-based replication-competent retroviral vectors.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Self-inactivating retroviral vectors with improved RNA processing.Gene therapy · 2004Article
- Sequence analysis of porcine endogenous retrovirus long terminal repeats and identification of transcriptional regulatory regions.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Transcriptional regulation of porcine endogenous retroviruses released from porcine and infected human cells by heterotrimeric protein complex NF-Y and impact of immunosuppressive drugs.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- RU5 of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus 5' long terminal repeat enhances cytoplasmic expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag-pol and nonviral reporter RNA.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- Efficient marking of neural stem cell-derived neurons with a modified murine embryonic stem cell virus, MESV2.Gene therapy · 2002Article
- Specific zinc-finger architecture required for HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein's nucleic acid chaperone function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- The retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus adopt radically different strategies to regulate promoter-proximal polyadenylation.Journal of virology · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A stem-loop structure at the 5' end of the R region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the murine leukemia virus SL3 and other type C mammalian retroviruses is important for maximum levels of expression of a reporter gene under the control of the viral LTR. This element, termed the R region stem-loop (RSL), has a small effect on transcriptional initiation and no effect on RNA polymerase processivity. Its major effect is on posttranscriptional processing of LTR-driven transcripts. Here we tested whether the RSL affected the production of RNAs from a full-length SL3 genome. Mutation of the RSL in the 5' LTR of SL3 reduced the cytoplasmic levels of full-length viral transcripts but not those of spliced, env mRNA transcripts. Thus, the RSL specifically affected the cytoplasmic levels of the unspliced viral RNA. To test further whether the effect was specific for unspliced transcripts, a system was devised in which the expression of a reporter gene under the control of the viral LTR was tested in the presence or absence of an intron. Mutation of the RSL resulted in only about a twofold decline in the level of reporter gene expression when the transcripts contained an intron. However, when the intron was removed, mutation of the RSL reduced expression of the reporter gene about 10- to 60-fold in various cell lines. The secondary structure of the RSL was essential for its activity on the intronless transcript. Thus, the RSL appears to be important for the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced viral RNA and unspliced RNA from chimeric transcription units under the control of the viral LTR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.