Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10071091›Full record

ReviewJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry1999

The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: a review of progress.

P T Francis, A M Palmer, M Snape, G K Wilcock

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02304302 (Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 582 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
582citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
32.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02304302 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterRan2014 to 2020Enrolled160ConditionsDown Syndrome, Intellectual DisabilityArmsMemantine, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

582 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. The cellular model for Alzheimer's disease research: PC12 cells.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022
    Pooled it
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522 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

P T FrancisDementia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Centre, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Schools of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London, UK. p.francis@umds.ac.uk
A M Palmer
M Snape
G K Wilcock
Frenchay Hospital · GBKing's College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of mental deterioration in elderly people, accounting for around 50%-60% of the overall cases of dementia among persons over 65 years of age. The past two decades have witnessed a considerable research effort directed towards discovering the cause of Alzheimer's disease with the ultimate hope of developing safe and effective pharmacological treatments. This article examines the existing scientific applicability of the original cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease by describing the biochemical and histopathological changes of neurotransmitter markers that occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease both at postmortem and neurosurgical cerebral biopsy and the behavioural consequences of cholinomimetic drugs and cholinergic lesions. Such studies have resulted in the discovery of an association between a decline in learning and memory, and a deficit in excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmission, together with important roles for the cholinergic system in attentional processing and as a modulator of EAA neurotransmission. Accordingly, although there is presently no "cure" for Alzheimer's disease, a large number of potential therapeutic interventions have emerged that are designed to correct loss of presynaptic cholinergic function. A few of these compounds have confirmed efficacy in delaying the deterioration of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, a valuable treatment target considering the progressive nature of the disease. Indeed, three compounds have received European approval for the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, first tacrine and more recently, donepezil and rivastigmine, all of which are cholinesterase inhibitors.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCholinergic FibersCholinesterase InhibitorsHumansCholinesterase Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID10071091
PMCPMC1736202
OpenAlexW2137777161

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
measurements read2
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.