ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR1999
Surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria and mechanisms of their targeting to the cell wall envelope.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 482 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
482 citing papers in PubMed, 1,376 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dual glycosylation of wall teichoic acid modulates the O-antigen pattern and virulence in serovar 4bmLife · 2025Article
- Genome-wide screen identifies novel factors for surface protein cross-wall trafficking and cell envelope homeostasis inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Protein trafficking across the cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Bacterial Systems as a Precision Delivery Platform of Therapeutic Peptides for Cancer Therapy.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
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- Genotypic Distribution of Alpha-Like Proteins in Group BInfection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Myxosortase: an intramembrane protease that sorts MYXO-CTERM proteins to the cell surface.mBio · 2025Article
- Ayu: a machine intelligence tool for identification of extracellular proteins in the marine secretome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A novel polysaccharide in the envelope ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Peptidoglycan derived fromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sodium oligomannate disrupts the adherence of RibCell discovery · 2024Article
422 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cell wall envelope of gram-positive bacteria is a macromolecular, exoskeletal organelle that is assembled and turned over at designated sites. The cell wall also functions as a surface organelle that allows gram-positive pathogens to interact with their environment, in particular the tissues of the infected host. All of these functions require that surface proteins and enzymes be properly targeted to the cell wall envelope. Two basic mechanisms, cell wall sorting and targeting, have been identified. Cell well sorting is the covalent attachment of surface proteins to the peptidoglycan via a C-terminal sorting signal that contains a consensus LPXTG sequence. More than 100 proteins that possess cell wall-sorting signals, including the M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes, protein A of Staphylococcus aureus, and several internalins of Listeria monocytogenes, have been identified. Cell wall targeting involves the noncovalent attachment of proteins to the cell surface via specialized binding domains. Several of these wall-binding domains appear to interact with secondary wall polymers that are associated with the peptidoglycan, for example teichoic acids and polysaccharides. Proteins that are targeted to the cell surface include muralytic enzymes such as autolysins, lysostaphin, and phage lytic enzymes. Other examples for targeted proteins are the surface S-layer proteins of bacilli and clostridia, as well as virulence factors required for the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes (internalin B) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PspA) infections. In this review we describe the mechanisms for both sorting and targeting of proteins to the envelope of gram-positive bacteria and review the functions of known surface proteins.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.