ReviewTheoretical medicine and bioethics1998
Nonlinearity in the epidemiology of complex health and disease processes.
Review in Theoretical medicine and bioethics, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- A new conceptual framework for managing hamstring injury risk in soccer - implementing a data-informed approach: a narrative review.Biology of sport · 2026Review
- Leveraging explainable artificial intelligence and spatial analysis for communicable diseases in Asia (2000-2022) based on health, climate, and socioeconomic factors.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Non-linear relationships in clinical research.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Principles in Claims of Causality: An Enquiry into Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Inter-limb and inter-agent coordination in an original joint-action game: exploring novel approaches for clinical practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Refractive Errors and Common Chronic Diseases Via Blood Biochemistry Tests: A Large Prospective Cohort Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Interaction of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Demographic Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain in Rearfoot Strike Runners: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Case report: Non-linear evolution of oxytocin informs YBOCS changes post-DBS of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for treatment resistant OCD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- U-shaped link of health checkup data and need for care using a time-dependent cox regression model with a restricted cubic spline.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Characteristics of Complex Systems in Sports Injury Rehabilitation: Examples and Implications for Practice.Sports medicine - open · 2022Review
- Evolution and Reproducibility of Simulation Modeling in Epidemiology and Health Policy Over Half a Century.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Review
- Modeling non-linear relationships in epidemiological data: The application and interpretation of spline models.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
- A novel lower extremity non-contact injury risk prediction model based on multimodal fusion and interpretable machine learning.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Social Vulnerability and Mental Health Inequalities in the "Syndemic": Call for Action.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Noncontact Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Screening in Netball: A Clinical Commentary with Clinical Practice Suggestions for Community-Level Players.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2021Article
- Statement on methods in sport injury research from the 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019.British journal of sports medicine · 2020Article
- The role of inflammation and genetics in periodontal disease.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Modeling the Risk of Team Sport Injuries: A Narrative Review of Different Statistical Approaches.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Antenatal and Neonatal Antecedents of Executive Dysfunctions in Extremely Preterm Children.Journal of child neurology · 2018Observational
- The Interaction of Risk Network Structures and Virus Natural History in the Non-spreading of HIV Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Early Stages of the Epidemic.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The challenges posed by chronic illness have pointed out to epidemiologists the multifactorial complex nature of disease causality. This notion has been referred to as a web of causality. This web extends theoretically beyond risk markers. It includes determinants of emergence/non-emergence of disease. This web of determinants is a form of complex system. Due to its complexity, the determinants within such system are not linked to each others in a linear, predictable manner only. Predictability is possible only on a short-term basis, and unpredictability sets in over the long run. Understanding such a system of determinants calls for articulation and testing of complex models which synthesize our knowledge of multiple determinants at many scales, both biological and otherwise. Given the complexity of this web and existing knowledge about the nonlinearity of such systems, the following question is posed: Can the challenge of studying causality be adequately addressed if emphasis continues to be placed on using tools and methods that are geared towards looking at such system from a linear paradigm? Or is it time to add to the epidemiologic research agenda the notion of nonlinearity and its relevant form of analytical approaches that are being tested in other disciplines? Furthermore, the question posed here applies as well to the study of determinants of health. Addressing determinants of heath adds further complexity to our task.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10051792What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.