ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology1999
Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E).
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emergence, climate-driven expansion, and diversification of a EuropeanEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Vibrio vulnificus, an Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Article
- The Effect of Visible Light on Cell Envelope Subproteome duringMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Diluted conventional media improve the microbial cultivability from aquarium seawater.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2019Article
- Review
- Vibrio vulnificus in aquariums is a novel threat to marine mammals and public health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2018Article
- Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Phylogeny ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Effects of varying concentrations of sodium chloride and acidic conditions on the behavior ofFood science and biotechnology · 2017Article
- Starvation induces phenotypic diversification and convergent evolution in Vibrio vulnificus.PloS one · 2014Article
- Culturability and persistence of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (syn. Francisella asiatica) in sea- and freshwater microcosms.Microbial ecology · 2012Article
- Comparison of the effects of environmental parameters on growth rates of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes I, II, and III by culture and quantitative PCR analysis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
- Defining established and emerging microbial risks in the aquatic environment: current knowledge, implications, and outlooks.International journal of microbiology · 2011Article
- Salinity and temperature effects on physiological responses of Vibrio fischeri from diverse ecological niches.Microbial ecology · 2009Article
- Differential effects of temperature and starvation on induction of the viable-but-nonculturable state in the coral pathogens Vibrio shiloi and Vibrio tasmaniensis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2006Article
- Survival strategy of Erwinia amylovora against copper: induction of the viable-but-nonculturable state.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2006Article
- Protocol for specific isolation of virulent strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) from environmental samples.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2004Article
- Transmission to eels, portals of entry, and putative reservoirs of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2001Article
- High intracellular level of guanosine tetraphosphate in Mycobacterium smegmatis changes the morphology of the bacterium.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) is a primary eel pathogen. In this study, we performed long-term survival experiments to investigate whether the aquatic ecosystem can be a reservoir for this bacterium. We have used microcosms containing water of different salinities (ranging from 0.3 to 3.8%) maintained at three temperatures (12, 25, and 30 degrees C). Temperature and salinity significantly affected long-term survival: (i) the optimal salinity for survival was 1.5%; (ii) lower salinities reduced survival, although they were nonlethal; and (ii) the optimal temperature for survival was dependent on the salinity (25 degrees C for microcosms at 0.3 and 0.5% and 12 degrees C for microcosms at 1.5 to 3.8%). In the absence of salts, culturability dropped to zero in a few days, without evidence of cellular lysis. Under optimal conditions of salinity and temperature, the bacterium was able to survive in the free-living form for at least 3 years. The presence of a capsule on the bacterial cell seemed to confer an advantage, since the long-term survival rate of opaque variants was significantly higher than that of translucent ones. Long-term-starved cells maintained their infectivity for eels (as determined by both intraperitoneal and immersion challenges) and mice. Examination under the microscope showed that (i) the capsule was maintained, (ii) the cell size decreased, (iii) the rod shape changed to coccuslike along the time of starvation, and (iv) membrane vesicles and extracellular material were occasionally produced. In conclusion, V. vulnificus biotype 2 follows a survival strategy similar to that of biotype 1 of this species in response to starvation conditions in water. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem is one of its reservoirs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.