ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Alpha-toxin and gamma-toxin jointly promote Staphylococcus aureus virulence in murine septic arthritis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The virulence toolkit of Staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review of toxin diversity, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Bacterial and host interactions inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Forssman and the staphylococcal hemolysins.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Review
- The Staphylococcus aureus CamS lipoprotein is a repressor of toxin production that shapes host-pathogen interaction.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of bacterial virulence factors and host elements in septic arthritis: insights from animal models for innovative therapies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Serine-threonine phosphoregulation by PknB and Stp contributes to quiescence and antibiotic tolerance inScience signaling · 2023Article
- Septic arthritis in an in vivo murine model induced byBone & joint research · 2022Article
- Isoquinoline Antimicrobial Agent: Activity against Intracellular Bacteria and Effect on Global Bacterial Proteome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- NAD kinase promoteseLife · 2022Article
- Impact ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Review
- Human Urine Alters Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Transcriptome.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Effects of Antibiotics on α-Toxin Levels duringCartilage · 2021Article
- Novel therapeutic interventions towards improved management of septic arthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Review
- Friend or Foe: Interbacterial Competition in the Nasal Cavity.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Review
- Bacteria and Host Interplay inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Quorum Sensing and Toxin Production inToxins · 2020Review
- Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a common and feared complication of staphylococcal infections. Staphylococcus aureus produces a number of potential virulence factors including certain adhesins and enterotoxins. In this study we have assessed the roles of cytolytic toxins in the development of septic arthritis by inoculating mice with S. aureus wild-type strain 8325-4 or isogenic mutants differing in the expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-toxin production patterns. Mice inoculated with either an alpha- or beta-toxin mutant showed degrees of inflammation, joint damage, and weight decrease similar to wild-type-inoculated mice. In contrast, mice inoculated with either double (alpha- and gamma-toxin-deficient)- or triple (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-toxin-deficient)-mutant S. aureus strains showed lower frequency and severity of arthritis, measured both clinically and histologically, than mice inoculated with the wild-type strain. We conclude that simultaneous production of alpha- and gamma-toxin is a virulence factor in S. aureus arthritis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.