ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1999
GM-CSF-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group B streptococcal infection.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04569877 (Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Inhalation to Prevent ARDS in COVID-19 Pneumonia (GI-COVID)
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Auto-aggregation inmBio · 2025Article
- GM-CSF engages multiple signaling pathways to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in human monocytes duringInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Lung Immune Cell Niches and the Discovery of New Cell Subtypes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis-driven treatment of primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- A toxicology study ofMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- BHLHE40 drives protective polyfunctional CD4 T cell differentiation in the female reproductive tract against Chlamydia.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- BHLHE40 drives protective polyfunctional CD4 T cell differentiation in the female reproductive tract againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Anti-GM-CSF Neutralizing Autoantibodies in Colombian Patients with Disseminated Cryptococcosis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Acyloxyacyl hydrolase promotes pulmonary defense by preventing alveolar macrophage tolerance.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Macrophages in health and disease.Cell · 2022Review
- Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhu GM-CSF) as Adjuvant Therapy for Invasive Fungal Diseases.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- GM-CSFCell reports · 2022Article
- Opportunistic Infection Associated With Elevated GM-CSF Autoantibodies: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Role of GM-CSF in regulating metabolism and mitochondrial functions critical to macrophage proliferation.Mitochondrion · 2022Article
- Nutritional immunity: the impact of metals on lung immune cells and the airway microbiome during chronic respiratory disease.Respiratory research · 2021Review
- GM-CSF: Orchestrating the Pulmonary Response to Infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Cytokine Cocktail Promotes Alveolar Macrophage Reconstitution and Functional Maturation in a Murine Model of Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-targeted mice (GM-/-) cleared group B streptococcus (GBS) from the lungs more slowly than wild-type mice. Expression of GM-CSF in the respiratory epithelium of GM-/- mice improved bacterial clearance to levels greater than that in wild-type GM+/+ mice. Acute aerosolization of GM-CSF to GM+/+ mice significantly enhanced clearance of GBS at 24 hours. GBS infection was associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration in lungs of GM-/- mice, while macrophage infiltrates predominated in wild-type mice, suggesting an abnormality in macrophage clearance of bacteria in the absence of GM-CSF. While phagocytosis of GBS was unaltered, production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide was markedly deficient in macrophages from GM-/- mice. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by measuring the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2alpha, was decreased in the lungs of GM-/- mice. GM-CSF plays an important role in GBS clearance in vivo, mediated in part by its role in enhancing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.